On January 4th, at the headquarters of a PIP company in the town of Sénet-sur-Mer, not far from Toulon, France, the investigating judge Annek Logoff was suddenly welcomed. Accompanied by police and local judicial officials, he inspected the inside and outside of PIP. According to reports, he was investigating an alleged PNP “manifest manslaughter†case.
PIP Company, whose full name in English is “Poly implant prosthesis companyâ€, is a manufacturer specializing in implant silicone for breast augmentation or ulnar expansion. It ranks among the top three in the industry in the industry, and is believed to have 65 countries in the world. 400,000 women use PIP products. In 2010, a French woman implanted with PIP silicone suddenly died of cancer and was accused of being poisoned by PIP's toxic silica. Judge Legoff will preside over this eye-catching case.
The "Poisonous Chest" originated by Jean-Claude Meiss, founder of PIP, was born in 1939 to the French. According to his personal web page, he previously served as a medical sales representative for the world-renowned pharmaceutical company Bristol-Myers for 15 years. This "looks good" experience can at least dilute the fact that he does not hold a medical diploma.
However, the French “Parisian†and other media reported that one plasticist who allegedly knew Mess about 20 years ago said that Jean-Claude Metz had been a helper in his mother’s butcher’s shop since childhood. It is a "butcher," not a medical "anatomist." Later, Maisi sold alcohol and tobacco, and it is estimated that during this period, it earned a little entrepreneurial capital. The plastic surgeon said that Max has neither the experience of medical sales representatives nor medical background knowledge.
Mess met with Arion, the plastic surgeon who introduced French breast augmentation surgery. Alion first launched breast repair in France in 1965. Masi became interested in jelly-like "silicone breast augmentation."
At first he allegedly created a number of companies with Arian, but the cooperation was not successful. After Arion died in an air crash, Max established PIP alone in 1991.
After the establishment of the PIP, Max was the main player in the price tag. His products were surprisingly cheap compared to similar products in the UK. For example, the British price was 400 pounds and Max was 40 to 50 pounds. Maisi later stared at a business opportunity, he found that people who do plastic surgery, most of them travel or vacation to foreign countries, "quietly become beautiful", like Brazil and other Latin American countries have become a global breast augmentation beauty center. Most of the PIP products are exported to the Americas, then transit through the Americas and then into other countries around the world.
Max's price war and ability to capture business opportunities have made PIP soon become the world's third largest producer of silicone prostheses. Between the period of 1991 and 2010, the average annual production capacity was 100,000 for more than 30 countries worldwide. Millions of women use it.
According to a report from the Parisian newspaper on January 5, PIP had originally thought that only women's breast augmentation products were being produced. As a result, the investigation now revealed that PIP also produced a large number of silicone implants for men's abdomen. It is believed that tens of thousands of men use PIP. product. An ex-employee of the company told the Parisian newspaper that the company has three specially-trained employees who are responsible for operating the silicone expansion muscles used by men.
In 2010, the answer to the "success" of PIP was finally revealed. The reason why his products can be sold at a low price was not surprising: First, shoddy, and its implants used industrial grades. The silica gel and industrial grade silica gel are extremely harmful to the human body and have a high carcinogenic rate. Second, the prosthesis is easily broken. Statistics show that the average implanted silica gel breakage or leakage rate is only below 7%, while the PIP product is as high as 30. %; The third is the main export of products, making importers profitable.
How to escape regulation is puzzling: PIP products have always obtained CE certification for the EU, which has strict supervision over food and drugs. According to reports, the French Minister of Health Bertrand was puzzled. He did not know why the PIP had obtained CE certification. According to the “Le Figaro†report, PIP products have been included in French officially recognized suppliers for many years. At least 30,000 women in France use PIP products, while 40,000 women in Britain also have PIP silicone implanted in their breasts.
According to British media reports, the United Kingdom had complaint cases as early as several years ago, but it did not attract the attention of relevant agencies.
In fact, as early as 10 years ago, in 2000, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) spotted the PIP company and investigated the background of Max. In May of that year, the FDA sent a warning letter to the PIP stating that its products were adulterated, and there were at least 11 cases that were inconsistent with industry standards.
One of the most puzzling questions is that the FDA's warning letter was issued in public. Why did the French drug inspection department fail to follow up?
The FDA explained that the silicones that were discovered in 2000 were not the same as the PIP silicones that the French government had forced to recall from the market in 2010. In 2010, the products used “industrial-grade silica gel,†and the US pointed out the problems in 2000. , It only involves " adulteration" and rough production.
It seems that Mai Si's problem with silicone, in the beginning "learning bad", eventually turned into a blatant "fake". Poor supervision is the reason for indulging in crime.
In 2010, a French woman who had undergone breast augmentation surgery died of cancer, triggering the French to start operations. The French government forced the PIP to recall all silicones that were in circulation and not yet implanted in the market. This order resulted in the bankruptcy of the PIP. After the company was liquidated, this once-famous manufacturer along Toulon Port became an abandoned dump. When Judge Legoff pushed open the dusty door, he saw the old documents scattered on the ground and the plants were overgrown with weeds.
After Max's withdrawal from public eyes in 2010, his family rejected all requests for interviews to protect privacy and not allow others to disturb Max.
The bankruptcy did not stop in 2010, and the PIP products on the market were all recovered. But what about PIP products implanted in the human body?
In December 2011, under the pressure, the Ministry of Health of France finally spoke and suggested that all people who use PIP prostheses should undergo surgery for removal. The French side pointed out that the problem of PIP is that silicone is prone to leakage, easily broken, and causes deformation and infection of the breast, but it may cause cancer.
At least a few thousand women who have undergone breast implants have been found to have cancer, although there is no direct evidence that cancer is associated with PIP products. In addition to the “Manslaughter†case led by Judge Legage, the lawsuit against Max and his company also included civil claims filed by thousands of French women.
On December 24, 2011, Costa Rica issued a global warrant against Max by the International Criminal Police. The charge was "threatening the lives and health of others." Wanted in the photos of Max, a beard, bald.
Industry Ethical Dilemmas PIP was liquidated and bankrupted as early as 2010, and its founders have also been “evaporatedâ€. Even if the company is still there, a silicone manufacturer selling 50 euros will be unable to pay for the removal of more than 300,000 women worldwide. According to estimates by the French health department, in order to get 30,000 women in France to remove problem silica, the “hull-blocking force†costs up to 70 million euros, while Britain’s budget for bomb disposal for more than 50,000 users is over 100 million pounds. . Silica gel is easy to insert into the body, but once it is integrated with the body tissue and the surrounding tissue is hardened, it is necessary to remove the “bullet†and the operation cost is far more than the cost of breast augmentation.
Due to the high cost and time pressure of the European debt crisis, all countries are tightening their fiscal budgets and all have cut public benefits. At this moment, the public sector is saving money, which directly triggers the country to use taxpayer tax for this group of “smelly peopleâ€. The arguments.
First of all, breast augmentation belongs to cosmetic plastic surgery. It is the behavior of healthy people to intervene and change their body structure in order to make themselves look more “beautifulâ€. It is an inverse “self-mutilationâ€. In other words, cosmetic plastic surgery does not belong to health-related "prosthetics", it is not dental or dental implants after tooth decay, and it is not covered by public health insurance.
However, the problem was finally “conducted†into “health risks†and it was also a matter of concern for public health care. As a result, it turned out to be the outcome of private clinics desperately asking for money and public medical institutions to pay the bill. France and the United Kingdom will sign an agreement with the beauty industry to urge all major and small clinics to take the initiative to remove the problem of silicone, or to pay the costs incurred by public medical institutions.
PIP only provides "poisonous chest", but it is the cosmetic plastics industry that really makes a lot of money, because they have implanted "toxic breast" products in healthy human bodies. The difficulties encountered by Britain and France in fact reflect the ethical dilemmas of the entire beauty industry.
Beauty practitioners are mostly practicing doctors or specially trained personnel. They are doctors in the first place. The doctor's duty is to help the wounded. The basis of their actions is that the other person is a “patientâ€, in an unhealthy state, or in danger Hippocrates vowed to prevent doctors from harming healthy people. If Hippocratic oaths are to be adhered to, physicians should refrain from engaging in aesthetic plastic surgery with purely health-risk risks because the beauty and plasticity industry does not promote any physical health. Instead, the implantation of prostheses definitely poses a health risk to the body. . Beauty from the medical point of view, the essence is to make people become "unhealthy." A person in the medical profession in the United Kingdom believes that Botox, which is currently widely used by stars and some individuals, may become the next public health disaster after the French poisoning of the chest.
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