Wheat cyst nematode disease is a soil-borne disease caused by cyst nematodes in wheat. It mainly infects the root system of wheat, and then inhibits the growth of aboveground parts. It has a significant effect on spike number, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of wheat. According to a survey conducted by Prof. Li Hongmei of Nanjing Agricultural University, the disease has commonly occurred in Xuzhou, Suqian, Huai'an, Yangzhou, Taizhou, Nantong, Yancheng, and Lianyungang. Among them, Feng County has the most serious disease.
After cyst nematode invades wheat roots, it inhibits root tip growth, leading to multiple branching and root swelling (root knots), increased secondary root volume, and reduced root range. The upper part of the diseased plant showed a lack of fertilizer, and dwarfing and yellowing were weak until it died. Mild disease strains often head early. In the middle of May, a lemon-shaped adhering cyst appeared at the root of the diseased plant, which began to appear as a white, brightened state and turned brown when mature. After the harvest, the cysts at the roots of the wheat shed a great deal of shedding. Over summer or winter in the soil, the eggs in the cysts can survive for several years. At the end of October and early November, the eggs in the cysts entered the first hatching peak, and then they invaded the roots of the wheat with the 2nd instar larvae. After the temperature dropped, the animals stopped their activities. After the temperature rose in mid-February, the animals recovered and the larval development speeded up significantly. At the same time, the egg in the cyst also ushered in the second incubation peak. In the heading grain-filling stage, the lemon-shaped female adults and the linear male adults mated and spawned. The female body's trunk rapidly expanded and exposed the root epidermis. Thereafter, with the yellowish roots of wheat, the cysts became brown and mature and contained a large number of eggs.
The disease's main transmission medium is soil, and its close range spread depends on agricultural machinery, agricultural operations, wind and rain, etc. The long-distance transmission route is surface runoff and cross-regional combine harvester operations. Wheat is cool at the seedling stage and the soil is moist, which is conducive to the invasion of nematodes. Land on sandy or sandy soil is heavy, and heavy clay soil occurs. The incidence of poor soil fertility is heavy.
Studies have shown that the selection of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to prevent and control wheat cyst nematode disease. However, at present, most of the wheat varieties grown in China are susceptible to varying degrees of cyst nematode disease in wheat and no immune cultivars have been found. Severely affected fields, with 5% aldicarb granules and other nematicides for soil treatment, can reduce the damage to a certain extent, reduce the yield loss.
After cyst nematode invades wheat roots, it inhibits root tip growth, leading to multiple branching and root swelling (root knots), increased secondary root volume, and reduced root range. The upper part of the diseased plant showed a lack of fertilizer, and dwarfing and yellowing were weak until it died. Mild disease strains often head early. In the middle of May, a lemon-shaped adhering cyst appeared at the root of the diseased plant, which began to appear as a white, brightened state and turned brown when mature. After the harvest, the cysts at the roots of the wheat shed a great deal of shedding. Over summer or winter in the soil, the eggs in the cysts can survive for several years. At the end of October and early November, the eggs in the cysts entered the first hatching peak, and then they invaded the roots of the wheat with the 2nd instar larvae. After the temperature dropped, the animals stopped their activities. After the temperature rose in mid-February, the animals recovered and the larval development speeded up significantly. At the same time, the egg in the cyst also ushered in the second incubation peak. In the heading grain-filling stage, the lemon-shaped female adults and the linear male adults mated and spawned. The female body's trunk rapidly expanded and exposed the root epidermis. Thereafter, with the yellowish roots of wheat, the cysts became brown and mature and contained a large number of eggs.
The disease's main transmission medium is soil, and its close range spread depends on agricultural machinery, agricultural operations, wind and rain, etc. The long-distance transmission route is surface runoff and cross-regional combine harvester operations. Wheat is cool at the seedling stage and the soil is moist, which is conducive to the invasion of nematodes. Land on sandy or sandy soil is heavy, and heavy clay soil occurs. The incidence of poor soil fertility is heavy.
Studies have shown that the selection of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure to prevent and control wheat cyst nematode disease. However, at present, most of the wheat varieties grown in China are susceptible to varying degrees of cyst nematode disease in wheat and no immune cultivars have been found. Severely affected fields, with 5% aldicarb granules and other nematicides for soil treatment, can reduce the damage to a certain extent, reduce the yield loss.
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