Principle of toxicity
Acute toxicity test
Col was injected intraperitoneally once in mice, the median lethal dose was 2.6-2.8 mg/kg, and the iv median lethal dose was 2.7-3.03 mg/kg. The median lethal dose of colchicine to mice was 61.77 mg/kg, and the median lethal dose was 30.59 mg/kg. Both poisonings are similar. They generally die of respiratory failure after gastrointestinal dysfunction occurs 3-6 hours after administration.
Subacute toxicity test
Col and colchicine were intraperitoneally injected into the mice once a day for 7 days. The median lethal doses were 4.95 mg/kg and 61.61 mg/kg, respectively. Intraperitoneal injection of colchicine 1-2mg/kg, continuous 3 days, showing decreased gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal congestion, ulceration, etc.; rabbits total intravenous injection of 3.9mg/kg, visible stomach, flatulence, and kidney Damage. When the antitumor dose is reached, the spleen weight can be reduced by about 50% to 60%. In addition, a certain amount of Col inhibits normal cell division, bone marrow suppression and agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. Colchicine intravenous injection 0.2-0.4mg/kg to dogs, the fourth day may also appear vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, etc., and see elevated alanine aminotransferase and bone marrow suppression, but no significant damage to the kidney, the above symptoms in After the drug is stopped, it can return to normal. Litsea Gibberii contains a large amount of Col, which can be oxidized to a highly toxic oxydicolchine in vivo after oral administration. It can cause serious irritation to the digestive system and urinary system and inhibit the nervous system. The lethal dose is about 20-30 mg.
The most common side effect of Col is the rapid proliferation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells, particularly the jejunum, mainly nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Once withdrawal occurs, the incubation period is about several hours or longer. Intravenous Col is equally effective and has a faster effect, and it can completely avoid gastrointestinal side effects. Col acute poisoning can cause hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, extensive vascular damage, nephrotoxicity, muscle suppression, and central nervous system delirium. Cul produces transient leukopenia, followed by leukocytosis, sometimes caused by a significant increase in basophils. People who have long-term use of Col also risk agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, myopathy, and hair loss. There have also been reports of lack of sperm.
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