The 3.3-acre grape of grower Wei Chuansheng is the third year this year. There are many results, but why the fruit drop is serious? In similar circumstances, the village is not a minority, and the fruit growers are eager to find a solution.
Through field visits, we learned that most fruit growers do not have the habit of applying fertilizer in the fall, resulting in insufficient accumulation of nutrients in the grapes, resulting in fruit drop in the later stages of the grapes. In addition, the fruit growers found that the fruit was falling and they were eager to top-dress fertilizers and watered them, especially applying nitrogenous fertilizer, resulting in long-term shoots. Intangible loss of nutrients and aggravate fruit loss. To prevent grapes from falling, the following comprehensive management measures should be taken to reduce their losses.
First, pay attention to the autumn fertilization, especially to apply base fertilizer, use nitrogen fertilizer.
Grape winter dressing is to ensure the nutrient storage of the tree, keep the tree robust, ensure the spring flowering, fruit setting, and reduce the physiological falling fruit. Therefore, in accordance with the law of demand for fertilizer in the grapes, the amount of fertilizer needed for different yields should be sufficient for base fertilizers from September to October. Autumn basal fertilization should be combined with fertility and fertility, increase soil organic matter, fermented decomposed farmyard fertilizer or high-quality commodity organic fertilizer. If you need to add a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, it is necessary to combine with autumn fertilizer. The time for flowering of the grapes is 20 to 50 days later than that of the big cherry, apricot, peach, apple, pear and other fruit trees, and the grapes are only fruiting and setting fruit when the branches are prosperous. Therefore, if the basal fiber is insufficient in autumn, it must be topdressed in the spring, and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer is added, which can still play a good role in improving the fruit setting rate and reducing the physiological fruit drop. After flowering and during the high-temperature and rainy seasons after grape blooming and in June-August, top-dressing fertilizers should be dominated by high-K and low-N fertilizers. Application of urea or high-nitrogen fertilizers should be controlled to prevent shoots from becoming long, causing physiological fruit drop, affecting fruit enlargement and flower bud formation.
Second, foliar spray fertilizer, nutritional supplements.
Before the grape sprouts, Pridon fish protein 500 times solution + 2% urea; after germination, after the Xiehua combined with spray neutral pesticide, several times plus Pulitzer fish protein 500-600 times solution + 0.3% -0.5% urea. The vineyards lacking boron and calcium deficiency, together with 0.3% borax and 0.3% ammonium nitrate, can supplement the tree's storage and nutrient deficiencies, promote the improvement of the fruit setting rate, and reduce the phenomenon of grape physiological fruit drop.
Third, scientific watering to prevent physiological drop caused by water.
Grapes are watered to prevent drought. Water should be poured before germination and before flowering. Within 30-40 days of entering the nutrient transition period after flowering and post-flowering, attention should be paid to water control. If the water is not watered and the drought is serious, only small water can be poured and no flooding can be provided. If the water is poured or heavy rain is encountered within 30-40 days after the flowering period or after the flowering, it will cause the shoots to be long and compete for nutrients, resulting in serious physiological fruit drop. This is also an important reason for the fruit drop.
Fourth, reduce consumption, try to save the tree storage nutrients.
Grapevines should always be removed at any time. After the ear was pumped, 7-8 leaves were left before the ear, and the heart was picked in time, except for the spike, and the spike tip (1/3-1/4). Results 7-8 leaves were reserved before the new branch, and only two secondary shoots were left at the top after picking, and the lower apex was wiped off in time. In the flowering period, fruit setting can be improved by artificial or bee pollination, and fruit thinning can be conducted in 7-10 days after flowering. Through the above-mentioned measures such as thinning of flowers, grape topping, wiping of auxiliary shoots, deputy panicles, axillary spikes and early fruit thinning, the consumption of stored nutrients can be reduced, and the phenomenon of physiological fruit drop of grapes can be reduced.
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