2016 research progress in the field of gene sequencing
1. NGS library and bacterial cloning using CRISPR/Cas9. (New method for building NGS)
Cas9 is essentially a nuclease. Although scientists have found that Cas9 plays an important role in gene targeting and editing of eukaryotic cells, new research is also using Cas9 to cleave DNA in vitro and in microbial cells. In March, researchers led by Joe DeRisi of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) published an article in Genome Biology that used Cas9 to remove unwanted DNA types from next-generation sequencing libraries and PCR-based diagnostics. In addition, the Zhu listening group of Tsinghua University published a method to clone 100k-length genome sequences in bacteria using Cas9. Other studies have also confirmed that the use of Cas9 in vitro improves efficiency and expands the possibilities of synthetic biology. Many people predict that CRISPR is becoming a reliable and simple tool in biologist research.
2. The nanopore sequencer MinIon completes the assembly of the fungal genome. (Three generations of sequencing new assembly)
KeyGene, a Dutch agricultural biotechnology company, used only the reads produced by Oxford Nanopore's nanopore sequencer MinIon to assemble the genome of Rhizoctonia solani to obtain a 54 Mb genomic sequence. R. Solani is an agricultural pest that is infected by many important cash crops such as corn, rice and soybeans.
3. Nature Methods publishes the largest database of human protein interactions that can help interpret the genome. (The most important database of human protein interactions)
An international team led by personnel from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the Broad Institute developed the largest database of protein-protein interaction networks called InWeb_InBioMap (InWeb_IM), a resource that sheds light on how many disease-related genes are causing The occurrence and development of the disease. Related articles are currently published online in the journal Nature Methods.
4. Beijing Academy of Biosciences has made new progress in the field of circular RNA research. (new progress in circRNA)
The international academic journal Nature Communications published the latest research results of the "Comprehensive identification of internal structure and alternative splicing events in circular RNAs" by the Zhao Fangqing team of the Computational Genome Laboratory of the Beijing Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this study, the combination of computation and experiment was used to explore the internal structure of circular RNA for the first time and found four ubiquitous alternative splicing types. It is pointed out that alternative splicing of circular RNA may have different regulatory mechanisms than mRNA splicing.
5. The Shanghai Institute of Biosciences reconstructed the genetic origin and evolution history of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (The new method analyzes the mystery of humanity)
On August 26th, the American Journal of Human Genetics (AJHG) published the results of the research work of the Xu Shuhua Research Group of the Institute of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ancestral Origins and Genetic History of Tibetan Highlanders. Based on the genome-wide sequencing data of Tibetans, this work analyzes the genetic background of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by using and developing new computational analysis methods (ArchaicSeeker) with reference to the genetic information of more than 200 modern populations and several extinct ancient humans. Reconstructed the ancestral origin, gene exchange and evolution history of the plateau population, and unveiled the corner of the ancient Chinese and modern humans conquering the mysterious veil of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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