Tomatoes can be eaten raw or cooked, and the nutrition is very rich. And the economic benefits of tomatoes have always been very good, especially in the anti-season, tomatoes can often sell very good prices, greenhouse tomatoes can be planted at any time, take a look at the tomato planting technology!
First, the variety selection
Tomato cultivation in greenhouses should be based on the special microclimate formed by greenhouses in terms of temperature, humidity and light, and choose varieties that are resistant to low temperature, low light tolerance, strong disease resistance, early maturity, high yield, high quality, good commodity and market.
Second, nursery
1, seed treatment
Seeds should be sterilized before sowing to prevent seed contamination. The seeds can be immersed in hot water at 50 ° C ~ 55 ° C for 15 minutes or in a 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 20 minutes. Then rinse with clean water, then immerse in the natural water temperature for 3 to 4 hours, remove the dry and dry to be broadcast.
2, sowing
After the seed treatment, the germination treatment was carried out at 25 ° C, and when 80% of the seeds were white, the seeds were sown. When planting, seedling trays can be used to load nutrient soil, or seedbeds can be used for live broadcast. The seedbed was directly applied to the bed soil disinfection with 500 times solution of chlorothalonil.
3, seedbed management
After sowing, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25-28 °C, at night it is not lower than 20 °C, and it can be emerged in 3 to 4 days. Before the seedlings are unearthed until the first true leaves are emitted, the temperature should be appropriately lowered to maintain a large temperature difference between day and night at 23 to 25 ° C during the day and 13 to 15 ° C during the night to prevent the seedlings from growing. After slowing down the seedlings, the bed temperature should be gradually reduced, and the temperature difference between day and night should be increased to facilitate the cultivation of strong seedlings. The seedlings were subjected to low temperature exercise 7 to 10 days before planting to adapt to the environment where the temperature in the plastic greenhouse was low in early spring and the temperature difference was large.
Third, colonization
1. Soil preparation and fertilization
Tomatoes in the greenhouse have long growth period and high yield. The base fertilizer should be applied. The organic fertilizer is 3,000 kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer is 60-80 kg.
The spring tomato in the greenhouse can be ridged or made. The plant can be made into a 1.2-meter flat ridge, and the ridge plant can be made into a 60-cm-wide high ridge.
2, planting density
Two rows per plant when planting. The early maturing varieties are 25 to 30 cm in length and about 4,500 to 5,000 in acre. The mid-late maturing varieties are 30 to 33 cm in length and 4000 to 4,500 in acre.
3, colonization
Choose sunny day morning planting. Pick out disease-free and strong seedlings, and make the seedlings separate and plant. The depth of planting is suitable for the soil and the sorghum. For the long seedlings, you can use the method of shallow lying or staging the soil to rejuvenate.
Fourth, management after planting
1. Fertilizer management
After 3 to 5 days after planting, the seedling water is poured. Before the first spike of the tomato is stable, the vegetative growth is the main one. The water is planted and the seedling water is poured. Generally, the water is not watered and topdressed. When the first ear is stabilized, the potassium sulfate compound is applied per mu. Fertilizer 20 ~ 30 kg, the second ear, three spikes of fruit quickly expand the period to chase 3 times of fertilizer, each time the application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20 ~ 25 kg. After the fruit begins to expand, it can also be used for 2 to 3 times of foliar topdressing with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which can not only strengthen the disease, but also promote fruit development and improve quality.
2, plant adjustment
Plant adjustment mainly includes pruning, scaffolding, tying vines, and fruit thinning.
(1) Pruning tomato pruning methods mainly include single dry, double dry, and main and dry. In the protected field cultivation, single-dry pruning is generally used, and the side branches and side buds are removed when pruning.
(2) It is not premature to frame the truss, tie the vines, or tie the vines, so as to avoid the inconvenience of the pastoral management. Generally, the first inflorescence of the plant is swollen and the second inflorescence is flowering.
(3) Thinning the fruit in time to improve the light conditions of the plant, increase the weight of single fruit, reduce the occurrence of deformed fruit, fruit size and other irregularities, and improve fruit yield and commerciality. Generally, 3 to 5 fruits are left per ear, and the large fruit that is strong and round, and sunny, generally has 3 to 4 layers of fruit.
3. Pest control
(1) The main diseases of diseased tomatoes are leaf mold, gray mold, early blight, late blight and viral diseases. Botrytis cinerea and leaf mold can be sprayed with 50% sulphate l000 times, or 50% thiophanate WP 500 times solution; early and late blight can be used 95% copper sulfate 1000 times solution, 50% chlorothalonil wettability Powder 400 times liquid, or 25% metalaxyl WP 800-1000 times liquid, sprayed once every 7 days for prevention.
(2) Insect pests The main pests of tomato are aphids, whitefly, and leaf miners. The aphids can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times solution, and the whitefly can be sprayed with 25% Aketai water dispersible granules 2000-3000 times liquid or chlorpyrifos 1000 times liquid spray.
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