Release date: 2017-01-12
Cancer has always been a problem that plagues human beings. With the advancement of science and technology, the field of cancer treatment is changing with each passing day, and many new therapies have emerged. Precision medicine has opened a new era of cancer treatment. Cancer cells are produced by normal cells undergoing variability, with infinite division, difficulty in control, and easy transfer. Viruses generally consist of DNA or RNA and proteins. The virus is small in size and simple in structure. It replicates itself in the host cell through replication and entry, gene expression, transcription, translation, nucleic acid replication, assembly and release, and eventually causes death, proliferation, and transformation of the host cell.
Based on some characteristics of cancer cells and viruses, combined with genetic engineering methods, the use of viruses to treat cancer is in full swing. Among them, the proliferating oncolytic virus is a type of virus that tends to infect tumor cells, and can multiply in cancer cells, eventually causing tumor cells to lyse, break, and die. The main viruses studied for oncolytic media include adenovirus, poxvirus, herpes virus, reovirus, etc. Some of these therapies have been approved for marketing, and some have entered the clinical research stage. In 2017, let's focus on the four viruses that fight cancer.
Herpes virus (Herpes:)
Amgen's oncolytic virus drug Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) became the first drug approved by the US FDA in 2015. Imlygic is a genetically modified live oncolytic herpesvirus that is used primarily to treat melanoma lesions that cannot be completely removed by surgery. As a monotherapy, Imlygic's performance is not very good. Amgen has used Imlygic in conjunction with Merck's Keytruda and conducted clinical trials. The results of the early trials were quite satisfactory, and prompted the promotion of Amgen to launch Phase 3 clinical trials, which is currently underway.
In July of this year, SG Gene was heavily invested in another herpes virus-based therapy developed by the emerging company Oncorus, which is still in the experimental stage. Oncorus, which is committed to developing next-generation oncolytic therapy, completed a $57 million Series A round of financing. The new base is the main investor in this round.
Coxsackievirus
Australian pharmaceutical company Viralytics is working on a treatment based on Coxsackievirus, a virus that causes the common cold. Therapy Cavatak has been used in combination with several other different therapies, including the anticancer drug Keytruda and another checkpoint inhibitor Yervoy (ipilimumab) from Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), both of which have been Approved for the treatment of melanoma. Viralytics' early trial results announced in October were satisfactory: of the 10 patients treated with Keytruda, 7 patients had tumor shrinkage; of the 18 patients treated with Yervoy, 14 patients were under control .
Adenovirus
Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) signed an exclusive cooperation agreement with British pharmaceutical company PsiOxus Therapeutics on the clinical development of PsiOxus' oncolytic adenovirus treatment developeoucirev in June. The deal demonstrates to the industry the promise of Bristol-Myers Squibb's combination of checkpoint inhibitors and anti-cancer therapy. Although immunological checkpoint inhibitors have been used in the medical field to treat a variety of tumors, there are still far-reaching medical needs. Enadenotucirev, as a virus that selectively replicates in tumor cells without replicating in normal cells, has potential in the treatment of certain solid tumors.
In cooperation agreement between the two companies, PsiOxus is developing an engineered adenovirus, developnotucirev, which is used in combination with Bristol-Myers Squibb's tumor immunotherapy Opdivo for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer, research on oncolytic virus therapy and immunological checkpoint inhibitors. Synergistic efficacy in all types of tumors, in order to provide a more effective treatment for cancer patients. According to the agreement between the two parties, Bristol-Myers Squibb will pay PsiOxus 10 million US dollars in advance, and Phase I clinical trials will be carried out by PsiOxus. The two sides will cooperate exclusively to develop a combination therapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antagonist antibody and enadenotucirev.
Reovirus
The Canadian-based company Oncolytics Biotech's viral therapy Reolysin is in Phase 2 clinical trials. Reolysin is based on Reovirus for the treatment of many types of solid tumors, including breast, prostate, pancreatic cancer, etc. . To test the efficacy of Reolysin in combination with several other drugs, the company Oncolytics Biotech has conducted several related trials. Reolysin is a modified virus that causes respiratory diseases in natural forms.
Although Oncolytics Biotech has been disappointed by Reolysin's R&D path, it has caused the company's share price to plummet and eventually led to the departure of CEO Brad Thompson. But the company's experiments on Reolysin continue to push the pressure, and the company recently announced a new combination of trials: combining Reolysin with Keytruda for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Other research groups are also interested in cough virus and its potential for anti-cancer. In November, a group of scientists in London announced that in a mouse trial, reovirus seems to stimulate the body's own immune system to kill liver cancer cells and eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV), a common cause of liver cancer. Virus. Now they are planning to conduct related experiments in the human body.
Source: Bio-Exploration (micro-signal biodiscover)
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