How is the toon? Citron is a variety of wild vegetables that has become more and more popular in recent years. The citron is not only edible but also medicinal. With the health care consciousness that people are pursuing now, the number of people who planted citrons is increasing. Below and Huinong Net Xiaobian learns the cultivation techniques of camphor together.
First, the camphor seedling technology
The seedling raising methods are generally divided into three types: root blast breeding, stem cutting, seed seedling.
Seed seedling
The seeds of the camphor are small, the seed coat is hard, and the membrane has long wings. The live broadcast is not easy to absorb water, and the germination is difficult. In order to obtain the seedlings neatly, seed germination treatment is required before sowing. Its method:
1 warm water soaking
In the first ten days of March, soak in the warm water of 30 ~ 40 °C for a day and night, after the seeds have absorbed enough water, remove them and put them in the pouch, put them in the temperature of 20 ~ 25 °C, irrigate each morning and evening, and turn them evenly. More than 50% of the seeds can be sown when exposed.
2 germination
Mix the seeds with the river sand in a ratio of 1:2, and sprinkle the water properly. The humidity is controlled by the hand and the loose hands are suitable. The seeds mixed with sand are stacked together in a taro shape, and a small amount of water is poured daily, sometimes evenly overturned, and the seeds are sown by 70% whitening.
2. Stem cutting
After the autumn leaves fall to the next year from April to May, the branches are selected for 1~2 years, cut into 20cm long cuttings, inserted into the whole seedbed according to the row spacing of 25×15 cm, and the ground is exposed 1/3.
3. Root propagation
When transplanting and planting, cut the long and main roots of the plant and cut them into 15~20cm small sections. In the whole good seedbed, the roots are planted in the ditch by the distance of 25cm. 10 cm, covered with soil compaction, watering, seedling height of 10 cm, timely removal of mites, and pay attention to cultivating weeding.
4. Root propagation
The roots of the camphor have many adventitious buds. In the natural environment, some young saplings are often sprouted around the crown, and new plants can be excavated. However, natural sprouting is limited, and artificial root-breaking tillers can be used for breeding. The method: after thawing in early spring, before germination, there is a canopy outer edge, digging a groove of 50-60 cm, cutting the roots slightly, filling the ditch with soil, which can stimulate the formation of a large number of seedlings at the apex of the root, germination of new plants, Can be transplanted.
5. Seedbed preparation
Choose sand loam with flat terrain, fertile soil and good drainage to make a seedbed, apply 4000 kg of organic fertilizer, spread the plough, turn fine, flat, 1.2 m wide, deep ditch and sorghum. Seed sowing, according to the line spacing 20 cm open shallow ditch 5 cm, the bottom of the ditch is poured into the bottom of the water, after infiltration, will germination of the seeds of the bud, evenly spread in the ditch, dry seed 1.5 ~ 2 kg per acre, cover soil 2 ~ 3 Centimeter, then cover the mulch with the enamel cover, and the cover is tightly compacted to increase the ground temperature and emerge early.
6. Seedling management
1 After seeding and seeding, immediately remove the film in the evening, lightly water it once, and keep the surface moist.
2 and time seedlings, even seedlings, remove too dense and mixed seedlings, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, retaining plant spacing of 3 to 5 cm, combined with the removal of field weeds, chasing diammonium phosphate 10 kg per acre, pouring once water, Shallow loose soil, be careful not to hurt the roots.
3 seedlings were transplanted. From late May to early June, when 4 to 6 true leaves of seedlings are 8 to 10 cm high, in order to improve the light and soil nutrient conditions of the seedlings, the seedlings should be transplanted, and the distance is 10 to 15 cm. The principle of staying strong and fine. One day before the seedlings, the water was poured through the surface, so that the seedlings were less damaged, and the strong seedlings were planted at a distance of 25×15 cm. The plants were transplanted in time to a good seedbed, and the root water was poured to promote the living tree.
4 After transplanting live trees and cuttings into young plants, timely apply fertilizer water, cultivating and weeding, and promoting seedling growth. In the later stage, through topping, spraying paclobutrazol or fertilizer management, the plant height is controlled, the plant shape is adjusted, the nutrient storage of seedlings is increased, and the formation of full buds is promoted.
Second, the camphor planting
It can be planted after deciduous to pre-emergence in early spring. Before planting, apply 4000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre of field, spread it evenly, and make it 2 to 2.5 meters wide, planted according to the row spacing of 60-70×15-20 cm (dwarf dense planting), 6000-8000 plants per mu. Up to 10,000 plants or more. After planting, timely fill the root water to promote the living tree.
Third, field management
Fertilizer
After planting the living tree, timely apply fertilizer water, combined with cultivating and weeding, and promote the rapid growth of seedlings.
2. Pest control
The pests of the toon are scented caterpillars, thorn moths, and white-spotted beetles. The larval stage can be sprayed with 800 times of trichlorfon, and the adult stage can be controlled by 1500 times of dimethoate. The disease has leaf rust and powdery mildew, which can be controlled by 500 times of rust. Clean the countryside in winter and reduce the wintering base of pests and diseases.
3. Trim
After the end of the spring axillary bud harvest, in the middle and late June to early July, the trunk is trimmed (beheaded) 20 cm above the ground, causing the lateral buds to sprout into new branches. From the end of July to the beginning of August, according to the strength of the new branches, the strength can be topped in advance. On the contrary, the topping can be postponed, and the management of fertilizer and water can be combined to promote the formation of full buds. The bud sprouts have a short growth period, and should be eaten early, eat fresh, and tender. There are rumors that "the buds are tender and silky before the rain, and the buds are like wood after the rain."
The harvesting standard is bud color purple red, and the bud length is 10-15 cm. When harvesting, the buds should be harvested after the top buds are collected. If the top buds are not harvested, the lower buds are difficult to grow or grow poorly. When picking buds, apply the base of the petiole with a hand to gently remove it, bundle it into small bundles of 100-200 grams, and seal it with plastic bags to prevent water loss and wilting, and improve the quality of the market. Each year, axillary buds can be harvested 3 to 4 times, with a yield of 400 to 500 kg.
Fourth, winter protection measures
The plastic greenhouse is used to protect the wintering cultivation of the camphor. After the autumn leaves, the transplanted camphor plants are dug out, and each bundle is 50 bundles. The roots are poured with mud and planted in the shade. The method: in the middle and late November, digging a trench of 50-60 cm deep and 50 cm wide behind the house, and erecting the bundled plant in the ditch, the root is filled with soil, and the water is poured once to penetrate into the bottom of the ditch. Degree, keep moist afterwards, and pass the dormancy period after 15 days of low temperature. Then planted in the prepared greenhouse (line, plant spacing). The temperature in the shed is maintained at 18 to 24 ° C during the day and 12 to 14 ° C in the evening. After 40 to 50 days, the first batch of axillary buds can be harvested and marketed. Protected land cultivation should strengthen the management of fertilizer and water and increase the yield of axillary buds.
Fifth, processing pickling, storage
The axillary buds can be stored for a long time after being processed and marinated, and shipped at any time. The method is simple and easy. Fresh buds are harvested and washed with water. After drying, add 20 kg of salt per 100 kg. A layer of axillary buds in the tank, a layer of salt, and a lower layer of salt.
After 3 to 4 hours, the cylinder is turned over. After 5 to 6 hours, the second time is turned over. The whole process is turned 5 to 6 times. After about 20 to 30 days, it can be marinated. Take out the stall and open the cold 1~2. Days, add a small amount of rice vinegar, increase the luster and brittleness, and then dry to 5 to 6 percent dry, every 100 ~ 150 grams into a small, put into a small mouth, tightly compacted, sealed storage, save 2 ~ 3 year.
The above is the cultivation key of the camphor. In summary, the aspects of nursery, field management, and colonization are very important for the growth of the camphor. The favorite growers can collect references!
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