In one study, scientists at the National Institutes of Health explored how the human brain stores and recovers memories. One study showed that the brain divides each memory cell into a unique single neuron emission pattern. At the same time, the second study showed that the brain replays memories faster than storage.
The study was led by Dr. Kareem Zaghloul, a neurosurgeon researcher at the NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy were enrolled in the NIH clinical center for surgical resection of seizures. To help determine the source of seizures, Dr. Zaghloul's team surgically implants an electrode grid into the patient's brain and monitors electrical activity for several days.
Dr. Zaghloul said: "The main goal of these recordings is to understand how to stop seizures, but this is also a powerful opportunity to learn how the brain works."
For both studies, the researchers monitored EEG activity while testing patients' memory. The patient was shown hundreds of pairs of words, such as "Pencil and Bishop" or "Orange and Navy", which were later shown as one of these words and asked to remember the other half of it.
In a study published in the journal Neuroscience, patients correctly remembered 38% of the displayed pairs of words. Electrical records indicate that brain waves correctly store patient experiences and remember word pairs that often occur in the temporal and prefrontal cortex regions. However, the researchers showed that the waves that appear when recalling these words occur faster than the waveforms that appear when they are initially stored as memories.
Dr. Zaghloul said: "Our findings indicate that the brain plays back memory quickly.
In the second study (published in "Current Biology"), the researchers used a new type of grid called a high-density microelectrode array to monitor the activity of dozens of individual neurons during a memory test. The array is implanted in the middle and the part of the brain is thought to control the recognition of words, faces and distances.
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