With the expansion of tomato planting area, more and more tomato planting techniques have come one after another. Today, Xiaobian is going to give you a modern greenhouse tomato planting technology. You can come here for reference.
1 selection
Choose varieties with strong disease resistance, strong cold resistance, high quality and high yield, resistant to storage and transportation, low light tolerance and suitable close planting. Common methods for seed treatment include soaking seeds, high temperature sterilization, soaking seeds in warm soup, and dry heat treatment. Soaking water temperature 50 ~ 52 ° C, soaking seeds with 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium permanganate solution, soaking seeds for 20 minutes, remove and rinse to dry; high temperature disinfection is to use high temperature to treat the seeds to kill the pathogens attached to the surface of the seeds; Soaking seeds is to soak seeds for 30 minutes at a water temperature of about 55 C; dry heat treatment means dry seeds (water content below 10%) in an incubator at 70 C, dry heat treatment for 72 hours.
2 nursery
Nursery facilities: In summer and autumn, seedlings should use 22 to 25 mesh insect nets, 65% to 75% shading nets, and 6 or more seedlings or large seedlings with buds. Usually 72 or 50 well seedling trays are used. Use disposable seedling trays or recyclable trays, the latter should be disinfected in advance. Matrix preparation: The ratio of matrix to fossil: vermiculite: perlite = 3:1:1, and the amount of perlite should be appropriately reduced in summer. Disinfect with carbendazim, add 100 grams per cubic meter, add 1.4 kg of compound fertilizer, or special fertilizer for seedlings, 1 kg of NPK 20-20-20. The preparation of the matrix focuses on the thorough mixing of the ingredients. When the seeding is dry and wet, the degree of dryness and wetness of the substrate can be agglomerated, and it can be spread by gently pushing the hand.
3 sowing
The seedlings are very demanding on seeds, and it is not advisable to use seeds with lower bud rate or seeds with poor vigor. The matrix is ​​inserted into the plug tray to be tight and suitable, too tight to affect the growth of the seedling, and the substrate sinks after too much watering. The sowing depth is about 1 cm, the substrate is plated and sown, and then covered with a matrix or vermiculite, covering a thickness of 0.5 to 1 cm, and water is poured into the germination chamber to germination.
4 seedling management
In the summer hot season, the main reason is to cool down, especially to prevent high temperatures at night. If the temperature is high during the night, you can control the moisture to prevent it from growing. Watering in the summer avoids the afternoon and evening, with watering in the morning. The temperature in winter should be kept at no less than 14 ° C and heated appropriately. The seedlings can be appropriately cooled and controlled by water after the three leaves and one heart, and the seedlings are cultivated, but the minimum temperature cannot be lower than 10 °C. The standard of spring commercial seedlings varies depending on the size of the hole. The 72-well seedling tray is used, the plant height is 18-20 cm, the stem diameter is 4.5 mm, the leaf area is 90-100 cm2, and 6-7 pieces of true leaves are present. It takes 60-65 days for seedling age; summer seedling age is 20 days, plant height is 13-15 cm, stem diameter is 3 mm, and leaf area is 30-35 square centimeters.
5 Preparation before planting
The application of the base fertilizer must be fully decomposed, and the active bacteria can be used for rapid decomposing. After the first crop is pulled, the garden should be cleared in time and the chamber should be disinfected. The high temperature stuffing method can be used. If the time is tight, the soil can be disinfected by combining the soil preparation. The shed shed should be carried out 15 to 20 days before planting.
6 colonization
The temperature of 10 cm is stable above 10 °C, the minimum temperature is above 6 °C, and it is stable after 5-7 days. The planting density differs depending on the season and variety and the pruning method. The single dry pruning can be properly densely planted, the row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 30-40 cm, and the double dry pruning should be appropriately thin. Early-maturing varieties can be densely planted, and medium- and late-maturing varieties are slightly planted.
7 Production Management
Minimize ventilation within one week after planting to promote slow seedlings, but when the temperature exceeds 30 °C, it should be ventilated and cooled in time. After the seedlings are warmed, the temperature during the daytime is 25 to 30 °C, and at night, the temperature is not lower than 10 °C. The first top dressing was carried out during the first panicle fruit expansion period, applying 10 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 square meters. The secondary top dressing applies 20 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 square meters during the second to third ear fruit expansion period. The top dressing method can be watered by hole application or dissolved water. According to the actual dry and wet conditions of the soil, the relative humidity during the day does not exceed 60%, and the nighttime is not higher than 80%. After pouring the bottom water at the time of planting, water the seedling water for another 3 to 5 days, and then start watering when the first ear grows to the size of the walnut. After 10 to 15 days, water is poured to ensure the soil is evenly moist. See the wet and proper irrigation at the end of the birth. When the plant grows to more than 30 cm, it will be framed in time to bind the tomato stem to the stent. The whole branch should adopt the single-stalk pruning method. According to the growth of the plant, the topping should be carried out in time, and two leaves should be left on the last ear when topping. When fruit thinning, the fruit has 3 to 4 ears per ear, and the middle fruit has 4 to 6 ears per ear. When the fruit is half red, it can be harvested in batches.
8 pest control
Dust method, smoke method, spray control in dry and sunny weather, pay attention to rotation and rational use.
Early blight, late blight: After the emergence of the central diseased plant, the rate of the diseased plant does not exceed 1% when applied, sprayed with 5% chlorothalonil dust 1 kg / 667 square meters, sprayed once every 7 days, even spray 2 ~ 3 Or use 45% chlorothalonil aerosol to apply 110-180 grams per 667 square meters, split 5 to 6 places, ignite overnight in the evening, smoke 1 time in 7 days, even smoke 3 to 4 times; or use 72 % frost urea·manganese zinc wettable powder 400～600 times liquid, or 72.2% frost mildew water agent 800 times liquid, 7 days 1 time, even spray 2~3 times, after a short time, the greenhouse is warmed up and bacteriostatic effect better.
Botrytis cinerea: Apply before or after the onset of fruit water, using 600% carbendazim thiophanate WP 1500 times, or 40% pyrimethanil suspension 1000-1500 times, or 50 % Vinyl nucleocapsid WP 1000 times solution, or 2% Wuyimycin water 200 times solution spray, 5 to 7 days spray 1 time, depending on the condition, even spray 2 to 3 times.
Leaf mold: using 47% spring · Wang copper wettable powder 800 times solution, or 70% mancozeb WP 400 times solution, or 1:1: (200 ~ 250) Bordeaux mixture, or 2% Wuyi mold The water agent is sprayed 200 times, sprayed once in 7 days, and sprayed twice.
Bacterial wilt: the pond is filled with 20% lime water, 250 ml per hole, or 50% succinic acid copper WP 500 times solution or 77% copper hydroxide WP 400 times solution at the beginning of the disease, or 3% zhongshengmycin WP 500 times solution, or 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times solution, 300 ml per plant, 1 time for 10 days, and even 2 to 3 times.
Aphids: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000 ~ 5000 times liquid spray, 7 ~ 10 days once, even spray 1 or 2 times. Helicoverpa armigera: sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis 200 times solution spray (spraying during egg hatching period), or sprayed with 1.8% avermectin EC 5000 times solution.
Greenhouse whitefly: 22% dichlorvos aerosol 500g / 667 square meters, ignited before closing in the evening, sealed for a day or night, or with 1.8% avermectin EC 5000 times solution, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000 ~ 5000 times Liquid spray, once every 7 days, even spray 1 or 2 times.
The modern cultivation technology of greenhouse tomatoes is mentioned today. We welcome all farmers to come to Huinong.com to learn more about planting techniques.
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