The god medicine aspirin is found to be new

On April 8th, the medical network "Spirit" "aspirin" was found to have a new role - expected to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis.

▍ may treat drug-resistant tuberculosis

According to Bio Valley, a recent study published in the International Journal of The Journal of Infectious Diseases showed that scientists from Sydney's Sydney Centennial Institute have revealed a new class of targets for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

The researchers found that M. tuberculosis can intercept platelets in the coagulation system to weaken the body's immune system. These platelets may be deceived by infections that can prevent the body's immune system from functioning. They use antiplatelet drugs to treat infections, including the widely used aspirin, which also effectively controls the progression of infection.

The results suggest solid evidence that the widely used drug, aspirin, can help treat severe tuberculosis infections and save lives.

If this study is finally confirmed, it can be said that as an old medicine, aspirin continues to revitalize. However, not long ago, aspirin suffered a bad news.

"2019 Guidelines for Primary Prevention of cardiovascular disease" recently, according to news Lilac Garden, Beijing March 18 morning, the American Heart Association's disease (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) developed jointly released.

▍Prevention of cardiovascular disease status is downgraded

Based on the latest research evidence, the new guidelines further downregulate the recommended use of aspirin in patients without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

The new guide recommends:

1) For patients aged 40 to 70 years who are at high risk of cardiovascular events and do not have high risk factors for bleeding, low-dose aspirin (75-100 mg/d) may be considered, but only for class IIb (can be used, but not used, but tend to Not used).

2) Aspirin is not recommended for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in individuals >70 years of age.

3) Individuals with any risk of high risk of bleeding should not use aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events.

It is reported that the down-regulation of aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is a general trend. At present, China is also revising the guidance document on the application of aspirin in primary prevention.

The use of 17 kinds or ▍

Aspirin was originally derived from willow bark and was artificially synthesized at the end of the 19th century. Its molecular structure is simple and its synthesis cost is low.

It has been reported that the annual consumption of aspirin in the world has been maintained at around 50,000 tons in recent years, equivalent to 150 billion pieces of aspirin tablets per year.

After more than 100 years of birth, aspirin was first used for antipyretic and analgesic drugs. Later, scientists discovered more and more uses, from antipyretic and analgesic to prevention of cancer.

The following are some of the uses of aspirin

1. Analgesic effect

It is mainly a peripheral analgesic by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and other substances that can be sensitive to mechanical or chemical stimuli (such as bradykinin, histamine). But the possibility of central analgesia cannot be ruled out. It is effective for chronic dull pain and is not effective for acute sharp pain and severe pain.

2. Antipyretic effect

It can reduce the body temperature of fever patients, but has no effect on normal body temperature. It may cause peripheral vasodilation by acting on the hypothalamic temperature regulation center, increasing blood flow, sweating, and increasing heat dissipation. The effect may be related to the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus.

3. Anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic

Its anti-inflammatory mechanism is still unclear, probably due to its action on inflammatory tissues, and it has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins or other substances that cause inflammatory reactions such as histamine. About its anti-rheumatic, it is mainly because it has antipyretic and analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

4. Anti-platelet aggregation

Aspirin acts as an anti-platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet-prostaglandin epoxidase and preventing the production of thromboxane A2.

5. For Kawasaki disease

Aspirin is used in children with Kawasaki disease to reduce inflammation and prevent the formation of intravascular thrombosis.

6. For diabetes

Aspirin may promote endogenous insulin secretion and hepatic glycogen synthesis, inhibit intestinal absorption of sugar and promote tissue uptake of sugar to lower blood sugar.

7. For Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease)

According to the study, the risk of senile dementia and cognitive impairment is significantly lower in elderly people who regularly take aspirin. Low-dose aspirin can reduce the progression of Alzheimer's disease. This is because aspirin has the effect of enhancing cerebral blood flow and preventing blood clotting.

8. Anticancer effect

Earlier, some media reported that scientists at the Gastroenterologists Conference in Barcelona, ​​Spain, said that continuous taking small doses of aspirin can reduce the risk of cancer in the liver, stomach and most organs related to digestion and metabolism.

According to the doctor who conducted the experiment, aspirin can increase the efficiency of immunotherapy several times, and can also independently fight leukemia, rectal cancer and other tumors, and can increase the chance of survival after chemotherapy by 15-20%.

9. Male contraception

There are 13 kinds of PG in human semen, the total amount of 300mg/ml is conducive to the operation and conception of sperm. Aspirin can reduce the concentration of PG in semen, leading to more abnormal sperm in semen, which can reduce the probability of conception. .

10. Reduce ototoxic antibiotics for hearing impairment

Animal studies have shown that the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics in combination with aspirin reduces hearing loss. After entering the human body, aminoglycoside antibiotics combine with iron in the body to form free radicals, which can damage hair cells. Once the hair cells are damaged, the inner ear loses the ability to detect sound, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Aspirin is broken down into salicylates, which prevent the formation of free radicals and reduce the incidence of deafness caused by antibiotics.

11. Treatment of biliary tract mites

After oral absorption, the bile is excreted, causing the biliary environment to change, and the mites are anabolic and withdraw from the biliary tract.

12. For pre-eclampsia

Placental tissue and platelets in patients with pre-eclampsia significantly increased TXA2, whereas placenta, umbilical cord PGI2 and urinary excretion of PGI2 metabolites decreased, and normal PGI2/TXA2 balance was destroyed. Therefore, this balance is restored with a small dose of APC, which is expected to prevent or treat the disease.

13. Female infertility and habitual abortion

Aspirin can inhibit PG synthesis and can be used to treat habitual abortion and infertility due to increased PG, because increased PG in the body can promote the strengthening of tubal peristalsis, destroy the synchronization of fertilized eggs and endometrium, and increase uterine contractility. The progesterone secretion of the ovarian corpus luteum is reduced to affect the implantation of the fertilized egg.

14. Senile cataract

British Medical News vol. 244, No. 23 reported that at the meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology in Chicago, Gottler, a professor of ophthalmology at Yale University School of Medicine, found that aspirin may have some delay in the development of senile cataract. effect. It can delay the formation of this disease for 10 years, and can reduce the number of patients by 45% or more from surgery. The clinical application of its exact inhibition mechanism needs further study. Studies have shown that the increase of plasma tryptophan content in cataract patients leads to increased aldose reducing sugar activity in the crystal, while aspirin can not only inhibit aldose reductase activity, but also reduce plasma tryptophan content, so it is considered that aspirin can at least slow down The occurrence of cataracts.

15. Help repair tooth decay

Previously, researchers from Queen's University in the United Kingdom found that aspirin can effectively reverse the effects of tooth decay, which may reduce the need for people to fill their teeth. Studies have found that low doses of aspirin can significantly increase the mineralization of the teeth and enhance the expression of genes that form dentin, which usually destroys the structure of the hard teeth in the teeth. The researchers point out that the anti-inflammatory and pain relief of aspirin Effects may be proposed as a solution to help control neuralgia and inflammation caused by individual tooth decay, while also promoting natural tooth repair.

16. Promote the role of anticancer agents

Previously, a new study by the University of Queensland in Clinical Cancer Research showed that the addition of aspirin to some existing anticancer drugs can increase the effectiveness of anti-tumor treatment.

The author of the article, Helmut Schaider, said: "We found that adding aspirin to the cancer inhibitor drug Sorafenib enhances its effectiveness in lung cancer and melanoma mouse models with RAS mutations." Aspirin also has the potential to prevent tumor recurrence in patients. Joint research on aspirin and other anticancer drugs is already underway.