In many places, the planting structure is more fixed and regional. With the increase of planting years, some soil-borne diseases have become an important factor restricting vegetable production. For example, the phenomenon of dead trees that are causing serious damage to melons has become a fatal factor restricting the production of cucumbers, melons and other melons. Now let's introduce, what are the diseases that cause dead plants of melon vegetables? How to prevent and cure the effect well?
Several diseases:
1. Fusarium Fusarium wilt disease in the old shed continuous cropping field, the incidence rate is higher, the incidence rate is 10%-30%, the serious disease field can reach 80%, the yield reduction is large, and even the dead.
Symptoms and symptoms: The typical symptom of the disease is the wilting of the plant, the rhizome is cut, and the vascular bundle becomes brown or dark brown. In the growth period of melons, the leaves gradually change from green to yellow from bottom to top. It wilts at noon in the early stage, recovers sooner or later, and the whole plant dies in a few days. The base of the stem often has a longitudinal half-cleft, with colloid overflow. When wet, the diseased part often grows a white or pink mold layer.
Pathogen: The pathogen of this disease belongs to subfamily fungus, a typical soil-borne fungus. Continuous cropping, unripe organic fertilizer, excessively dry soil, or heavy and acidic soil are prone to disease, and the disease is serious.
2. Symptoms of melon root rot, commonly known as rotten roots and withered seedlings: Mainly infest the roots and stems of melons. At the initial stage of infection, they appear to be flooded and then rot. Stem constriction is not obvious, and the vascular bundles at the rot of the diseased part turn brown, which does not develop upward, which is different from Fusarium wilt. In the later stage, the diseased part became worse, and it was in a messy thread shape. The initial symptom of the aerial part of the diseased plant is not obvious. The leaves wilt before and after noon in the later period, and can recover in the morning and evening. In severe cases, most of them fail to recover and die. Grafted cucumbers are generally damaged by the grafting interface, starting from the first crop. In the early stage, leaf wilting is not obvious, and the disease develops slowly, often inhibiting root growth, resulting in cucumber dysplasia. The base of the pumpkin stem used as a rootstock changed from water-soaked to dark brown and rot, causing the whole plant to die. When the disease is mild, the external symptoms are not obvious. The rootstock and scion vascular bundles do not change color, and the capillary roots become brown and rot. In severe cases, the main roots and lateral roots turn brown and rot, and the thin roots and stems split longitudinally.
The pathogen is the flagella fungus of the genus Pythium.
3. Melon blight The disease has become an important disease restricting melon production in recent years.
Symptoms and symptoms: Mainly damage stems, leaves, melons. The lesions on the vines are mostly oval, light brown, and mostly appear on the stems and nodes, sometimes overflowing with amber resin gums. In the later period, the diseased stems shrink, and the longitudinal splits into chaos, and the plants above the diseased parts die. The main difference between this disease and Fusarium wilt is that the vascular bundle does not change color.
The pathogen belongs to the Ascomycetes subfamily.
4. Bacterial wilt of melons At the beginning of the occurrence of bacterial wilt of melons, they also exhibited the symptoms of wilting, wilting at noon, recovering sooner or later, and after repeated long time, the plants died completely. After the plant died, the leaves did not turn yellow, and the whole plant showed symptoms of withering. At the incision of the diseased stem, squeezed by hand, there are turbid water droplets, which can be used as a typical judgment symptom of the disease.
Comprehensive prevention:
1. Rotating crops. Change the planting habits in a fixed area, and implement non-melon crop rotation for more than 3-4 years.
2. Soil treatment. During the summer shed season, turn over the shed soil in the sun and combine with the application of quicklime to treat the soil.
3. Scientific fertilization. Through soil testing, reasonable formula fertilization is carried out to avoid soil acidification and salinization and other environments conducive to the survival of pathogens.
4. Liquid root irrigation. Before the onset or early onset of the disease, the plants exhibited the symptoms of wilting at the beginning, and the root irrigation treatment was carried out with a chemical. Shuangxiaoling water solution 500 times solution + strong rooting and seedling strengthening agent or Fengshou No. 500 times solution could be used for root irrigation treatment.
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