Three basic pruning techniques for vines in winter

Pruning time

The grape vines have completely entered the dormant period, that is, the pruning period begins one month after the normal physiological leaf fall, and the pruning ends 25 days before the injury. According to the southern climate characteristics and cultivation methods, January is the month with the lowest temperature, and the best winter pruning period is from late December to the end of January. Pruning too early, the nutrient return of the branches and vines has not been completed; pruning too late, the sap begins to flow, and the tree body is damaged, causing nutrient loss. Greenhouse-assisted cultivation is generally covered with plastic film in the middle and late January, and pruning should be completed before the plastic film.

Cutting pruning is also called short pruning, which is to cut the branches from the internodes. It is mainly used for pruning the new branches of the year. It is the main method of pruning grapes in winter. When cutting, it can be divided into long shoot pruning, medium shoot pruning, and short shoot pruning according to the amount of buds left. The number of long-tip pruning branches is 7-12, which is mainly used for the main spreading long branches; the middle-tip pruning branches have 4-6 buds, which are mainly used for pruning the fruiting branches and trimming hedges. It can be used for both truss and trellis, but it is only suitable for the branches with strong growth potential; the number of short-tip pruned branches is 1 to 3 buds. This pruning method is mainly used on the branches with general growth. Shoot pruning can ensure that the new shoots of the next year have a strong growth.

Thinning is a commonly used method for branch renewal, which is to completely cut the branches from the base. The purpose of thinning is to remove weak branches, dead branches, too dense branches and main side vines that are weak and need to be renewed. When thinning branches, pay attention to cutting and sawing not too close to the mother branch, so as not to dry out when the wound heals and affect the nutrient transportation of the mother branch.
Shrink shears are mainly used for branch group update. The function of shrinking shear is to remove the old branches that have already bear fruit in the front, and leave the new branches in the back, so that the new branches are in a dominant position to prevent the branches from growing too densely and the fruiting parts expand outward.

Pruning of branch groups and main vine renewal

"For adult trees that are more than many years old, after several years of continuous fruiting of branch groups and main vines, the base gradually becomes thicker, the cutting mouths continue to increase, the water and nutrient transport capacity is weakened, and the resulting capacity and yield decline. It must be gradually updated in a planned way. The purpose of the branch group is to remove the weak and strengthen the strong.” During the operation of the branch group update, a strong branch near the bottom can be selected for mid-top pruning, and the short-tip pruning near the base is used to retract, and the weak branch group that bears fruit is removed from The base is removed. The main vine renewal is mainly for the old vines that have grown more than 10 years old. They are sawn off from the base and replaced with newly cultivated strong new vines.

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