Release date: 2016-10-17
Recently, scientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invented a gene library big data screening calculation software called "AptaTRACE", which helps to quickly select which sequences are highly efficient and highly specific for binding targets. This technological breakthrough will be of great significance for the molecular pathology research and drug development of diseases. Related results have been published in the recent Cell publication, Cell Systems.
The discovery process of pathogenic gene molecules and drug targets is like finding a needle in a haystack, and the key depends on efficient biometrics. Antibodies and nucleic acid aptamers can now be covered using recognition techniques. Antibody recognition has been widely used in biomedical fields, and nucleic acid aptamers are a new molecular recognition method. It is a novel nucleic acid molecular probe that can be efficiently labeled from DNA/RNA libraries. Single-stranded oligonucleotide sequence of the target.
â–²AptaTRACE flow chart (Source: Cell Systems)
Nucleic acid aptamers have many advantages and have broad application prospects in the medical field. For example, it can act on hormones, messenger molecules, proteins, protein complexes, virus coatings or even whole cells. It has a wide range of related targets for various diseases, more affinity and specificity, simple and fast synthesis, and scope of application. Wide, easy to chemically modify, small immunogenicity, good stability, can be directly used for molecular imaging and drug delivery.
The problem, however, is that it takes time and effort to screen for the desired nucleic acid aptamer from a synthetic gene library. The current practice is to screen and enrich large-capacity single-stranded random oligonucleotide libraries from the screening techniques of "system evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX)". The efficiency of screening technology needs to be improved.
The AptaTRACE algorithm invented by NIH scientists is the world's first screening and analysis software based on the gene-wide library big data. By combining with SELEX screening technology, it can analyze the common structural characterization (modality) of nucleic acid sequences that can bind to the target. In turn, it is effective to distinguish which sequences can be combined with the target and which sequences cannot bind to the target. The binding modality analysis of the nucleic acid aptamer to the target also contributes to subsequent modification improvements that make it better for drug delivery and targeting specific cells.
"The value of big data depends entirely on whether analytics can turn big data into useful information. The application of AptaTRACE software is a living example," said Dr. Teresa M. Przytycka, senior researcher at NIH Bioinformatics. It is not difficult to find that AptaTRACE software will further promote the application of nucleic acid aptamers in the diagnosis and treatment of major diseases such as tumors.
Reference materials:
[1] NIH-led researchers develop software that could facilitate drug development
[2] A Comprehensive in-silico Suite for the Identification and Analysis of Aptamers from HT-SELEX Data
Source: WuXi PharmaTech
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