In the high temperature and high humidity season, the temperature is high and the humidity is high, and the climatic conditions are conducive to the spread of diseases and insect pests. At the same time, apple trees, pear trees, peach trees and other fruit trees also began to enter the second prosperous period, and fruit development entered the expansion period. Doing a good job in regulating the tree vigor and promoting the good development of young fruits were the management focus of this period.
Affect the fruit shape index and fruit size: Too high temperature in the young fruit stage will accelerate the growth of young fruit, and make the horizontal diameter of the fruit grow faster than the longitudinal diameter, so the fruit shape becomes flat and the fruit shape index decreases. If the drought and water shortages occur in the young fruit stage, the fruit growth will be severely inhibited, and the fruit will not grow very large even if the water is sufficient.
Affect the flower bud differentiation: During the flower bud differentiation period of the fruit tree, moderate high temperature and drought are conducive to stopping the growth of fruit branches as soon as possible, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation. However, if the average temperature in this period is higher than 28℃, and the drought is severe, the absorption capacity of the root system of the fruit tree is weakened, the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves is reduced, the respiration of the fruit tree is strengthened, and the accumulation of nutrients is reduced. At the same time, high temperature and drought reduced the growth hormone synthesis at the growth point, inhibited cell division, and was unfavorable for flower bud differentiation.
Affect fruit coloring: Fruits encounter high temperature before maturity, especially the small temperature difference between day and night, the respiration of fruit trees is strong, a large amount of photosynthetic products are consumed, and insufficient carbohydrates absorbed by the fruit are not conducive to fruit coloring.
Affect the intrinsic quality of the fruit: high temperature causes the tree to breathe vigorously, the absorption and accumulation of carbohydrates in the fruit are reduced, and the soluble solids in the fruit are reduced. The fruit has reduced firmness and is not resistant to storage.
Severe sunburn: high temperature and drought easily cause excessive evaporation of fruits, leaves and bark, severe water loss, weakened transpiration, difficult to adjust the temperature of the tree body, and the surface temperature rises sharply, causing the sunburn phenomenon, seriously weakening the tree vigor, fruit yield and The quality is reduced.
Causes physiological decay: under high temperature and drought conditions, the photosynthesis of the leaves is reduced, respiration is strengthened, and the senescence of the leaves is accelerated. Especially the leaves at the base of the inner bore and the branches gradually turn yellow in the absence of nutrition and moisture Fall off.
Increased physiological diseases: Due to the high temperature and drought, the absorption capacity of the root system of fruit trees is weakened, and the decrease of the soil water content reduces the content of soluble ions, which leads to the increase of various physiological diseases such as boron deficiency and iron in fruit trees.
Branch diseases and dead trees are serious: high temperature and drought significantly reduce the moisture content of the bark of the branch, which is prone to sunburn, which causes local death of the bark tissues. In addition, under the high temperature and drought conditions, the tree has less nutrient accumulation, more consumption, and weak tree vigor , It is easy to cause rot and dry rot. The high temperature and drought also caused a large number of deaths in the surface root system. If the watering conditions are poor or the watering is not timely, the tree body will often lose a lot of water. The root system suffers the most damage under severe water shortage, leading to the death of the root system until the death of the entire tree.
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