The current flood season is also a critical period for rice production. Since late June, the rainfall in Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangnan, Southwest and other places has increased by 40% to 80% compared with the same period of the previous year, and the locality has more than doubled. According to weather forecasts, the cumulative rainfall in Jianghan, Jianghuai, western and northern Jiangnan and other places is expected to be 50-80% more than the same period of the previous year, and some areas will be more than doubled in the next ten days. In order to guide the southern region to respond scientifically to flood disasters and high-temperature heat hazards, and to do a good job in rice disaster prevention and mitigation and post-disaster production recovery, the Rice Experts Guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, provided southern rice flood prevention and disaster prevention technical guidance.
-Double-season early rice. At present, early rice is in the filling stage. Recently, some early rice production areas have more rain, fewer hours of sunshine, and postponed the fertility process. To prevent and control flood disasters, strengthen classified management, promote grain filling, and ensure safety and maturity. One is drainage to promote recovery. For the flooded field, drain the field as soon as possible, remove the mud debris on the rice plant, promote the roots to restore vitality, and prevent lodging. For the fields in the filling stage, adhere to dry, wet and wet, mainly wet, to maintain the vitality of the root system, to prevent premature aging of plants. The second is to look at seedlings and make up grain fertilizer. For the heavily flooded field, such as yellowing and premature aging of the leaves at the heading stage, supplementary grain fertilizer should be applied. Generally, 1-2 kg of urea or 1-2 sprays of foliar fertilizer should be applied per mu to enhance the photosynthetic capacity of the later leaves and promote grain filling. solid. The regenerated rice head and season rice should be promptly applied with panicle fertilizer and bud fertilizer according to seedling conditions. The third is to prevent and control pests and diseases. Rice fields soaked in heavy water are susceptible to bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight. High temperature and high humidity can easily lead to aggravation of diseases and insect pests. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and early warning, implement specialized unified prevention and control, improve the control effect, effectively reduce the loss of diseases and insect pests, and ensure the stable and high yield of early rice. The fourth is irrigation to reduce high temperature. If the high-temperature weather lasting above 35 ℃ occurs during the filling stage of early rice, the field should be irrigated in time to establish a 5-6 cm water layer to reduce the canopy temperature and prevent high temperature heat damage. In the early stage of early rice, avoid premature water cut to prevent high temperature ripening and improve seed setting rate and fullness. Fifth, catch early and harvest early. Make material and technical preparations in advance, and catch the harvest in time. It is generally harvested about 25 days after the full ear, when the whole ear loses its green color, and 90% of the husks turn yellow. Where conditions permit, centralized drying is used to avoid mildewing of the rice grains, so that the particles are returned to the warehouse.
-Zhongdao. At present, the middle rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is in the tillering and jointing stage, and the southwestern region is in the jointing and booting stage. The growth process is generally normal and the seedlings are growing well. It is necessary to strengthen disaster prevention and mitigation, do a good job in fertilizer and water planning, and build a reasonable group. One is to take care of water because of time. For the flooded field block, drainage shall be carried out in a timely manner, combined with washing seedlings to expose the field lightly. For early planting field blocks, the field should be dried early in the late tillering period to control the peak number of seedlings and increase the tillering rate. For the harvested field, if the stalks in the middle and low parts survive well, a low pile of about 10 cm can be left, and the topdressing of the regenerated rice can be made in time, or the early-maturing varieties can be used to replant one season late rice to reduce disaster losses. The second is to apply good fertilizer for seedlings. For the flooded field block, apply fertilizer once in a timely manner to promote the recovery of growth. For late planting fields, apply tiller fertilizer early to promote early onset, and set up a good yield seedling frame. According to different cultivation methods, varieties and seedling conditions, the ear grain fertilizer should be applied reasonably when the peak seedlings of the group have passed and the leaf color has obviously faded and become "yellow". Appropriate increase in the application of potassium fertilizers, and avoid blindly increasing the application of nitrogen fertilizers, to prevent greed and late ripening. The third is to prevent diseases and insect pests. For paddy fields soaked in heavy water, focus on monitoring the occurrence of bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight after the water is withdrawn, and prevent and control it as soon as possible. Strengthen the comprehensive control of mixed medicine before and after the break to heading period, focusing on the prevention and control of rice leaf roller borer, rice planthopper, rice blast, sheath blight and rice koji. The first prevention of rice koji disease should be before the break 10-15 days. The fourth is irrigation to prevent heat damage. Early rice crops should be protected from the effects of high temperatures from late July to early August. During heading, if the temperature continues to exceed 35°C, the field should be kept in a deep water layer, and the temperature of the ear layer should be adjusted with water to reduce the temperature of the ear layer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can also be foliar sprayed to enhance the resistance of rice plants to high temperatures and reduce or alleviate the harm of high temperature. . For drought-stricken rice fields, make full use of various water sources to make up for water in time, improve irrigation efficiency, and promote growth and development.
-Double-season late rice. Currently, southern double-season late rice is in the seedling stage. It is necessary to strengthen the management of rice fields, do a good job in field management and prevent and mitigate disasters, focus on cultivating strong seedlings, ensure proper transplantation and planting of planted seedlings, and lay a good foundation for late rice production. One is to improve the transplanting quality. According to the conditions of the stubble, according to local conditions, methods such as pot seedling transplanting, moist sparse transplanting of strong seedlings and plastic tray seedling transplanting and other methods are adopted to reduce the risk of encountering "cold dew wind" in the later period. The second is to do a good job in flood control and waterlogging prevention. In case of heavy rain and waterlogging in the field of rice seedlings, it is necessary to grab the accumulated water in a timely manner and keep the shallow water layer properly to prevent the seedlings from withering and dying due to excessive temperature rise after rain. For the rice fields washed away by floods and floods, soak the seeds at an early stage and sprouting and reseeding to ensure the planting area of ​​the late rice. The third is to grab transplants in due course. For fields where early rice is allowed to stubble late, late rice should be moderately sparsely sown to reduce the amount of chemical control agents and prevent excessive seedling age and leaf length. Apply "delivery fertilizer" and lay out "delivery medicine" to promote early release of seedlings after planting. Early rice is planted after the stubble, so as to make up for the delay, and insert the basic seedlings to accelerate the growth process of late rice.
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