The main sweet potato varieties currently available in North China are:
High-quality, high-yield tobacco potato 25, common potato 32; high-quality, disease-resistant varieties Jishu 26, Shangshu 19; early maturity, high-yield variety Longshu 9 etc.
1. Preparation before planting
1. Site preparation
The farmland soil in the producing area should be selected to meet the requirements of farmland soil environmental quality indicators, preferably the land that has not been planted with sweet potatoes within 2 years. Turn over 30 cm deep before planting, ridge after deep turn, ridge from north to south, ridge distance 80 cm, ridge height 30 cm, ridge tip about 10 cm, ridge shape is required to be tall and fat, and ridge is narrow.
2. Seedlings
Select healthy seedlings sold through regular channels. Quality requirements: seedling height about 25 cm, seedling age 30-35 days, stem thickness about 5 mm, seedling leaf color green and green, 7-8 stretch leaves, no aerial roots on the seedling stem , No lesions. Hundred seedlings are fresh and heavy, with spring potato seedlings over 500 grams and summer potato seedlings over 1500 grams.
3. Fertilization
Before deep turning, more than 1.5 tons of decomposed farm manure was applied at one time, together with 15 kg of urea, 20 kg of diamine, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate. Combined with fertilization, 3 to 5 kg of phoxim granules and sand are mixed into the field to prevent and control underground pests.
2. Planting seedlings
1. Time for planting: In order to achieve high yields of sweet potatoes, they should be planted as early as possible. In general areas, it can be colonized when the ground temperature is 5～10 cm underground and above 15℃.
2. Planting density: The planting density is generally about 4000 plants/mu. The planting density can be increased appropriately, with more tubers, neat potato shapes, and a high commercial potato rate.
3. Planting method: the oblique planting method can be used in arid and less rain areas, and the improved horizontal planting method can be used in areas with watering conditions. When planting seedlings, ditch the trench with a depth of 7 to 8 cm. Pour enough water from the ditch. After seeping under water, plant the potato seedlings in the mud. The direction of the head and tail of the potato seedlings in each ridge is the same.
4. Planting with plastic film: plastic film is covered, generally the method of film first and planting seedlings later is adopted. Before planting seedlings, use 72% Dole emulsifiable concentrate 0.1 ~ 0.15 liters per mu with 30 ~ 40 kg of water or 100 ~ 200 g of acetochlor with 60 kg of water evenly sprayed on the ridge surface to form a layer of medicinal film. Cover the ridge surface with a suitable width of plastic film, cover the edge of the film tightly with soil, and then plant the transplanted film at an equal distance in accordance with the planting density. After the planting, seal the film around the seedling with soil.
3. Field management
1. Early growth stage (planting seedlings until stems and leaves seal ridge): Spring potato is scheduled to complete seedling inspection and seedling replacement within 6 to 7 days after planting, in order to preserve seedlings; if there are irrigation conditions, timely small water infiltration irrigation, watering but ridge top, promote Potato nuggets are formed.
2. Mid-Growth (sealing of stems and leaves to peak growth of stems and leaves): When the soil is dry, water in time. In case of rain, water should be drained in time to prevent waterlogging, control the steady growth of stems and leaves, and promote root enlargement. If the stems and leaves grow too vigorously, the vine can be properly raised, and the vine is prohibited. Use 50 to 100 g/mu of paclobutrazol to spray 50 to 75 kg of water for 2 to 3 times to control the growth.
3. Late growth period (peak and stem growth peak to harvest): maintain appropriate green leaf area and extend leaf life. To prevent the premature aging of stems and leaves, perform extra-root fertilizer. For normal growth plots, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60-70 kg/mu, with an interval of 6-7 days, spray 2 to 3 times; for plots with defertilization, spray 1% to 2% urea solution About 60 kg/mu, spray 3 times, with an interval of 6-7 days.
4. Prevention of grass damage
Artificial weeding: Before weeding, weeding in combination with mid-cultivation, deep hoe bottom, shallow hoe back; after weeding, weeds are manually removed; weeds are covered with black mulch.
5. Prevention of diseases and insect pests
Comprehensively apply measures such as "agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control" to control the occurrence and harm of harmful organisms.
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