Summer pruning is also called growing season pruning. It is one of the important parts of the annual pruning of apple trees. It occupies a very important position in the annual pruning of fruit trees. Its main pruning methods are ring cutting, ring peeling, twisting, topping, pulling branches, and sparse. Branches and hats in autumn. However, if it is improperly pruned, it will cause adverse effects on the fruit trees, so the summer must be grasped the following five principles:
Five principles of pruning
The target should be clear
The main objects of summer pruning are laissez-faire growing trees, young and prosperous trees, age-appropriate fruitless trees, and trees that are difficult to bear flowers and weak trees are generally not pruned in summer.
Time is right
The timing of summer trimming should be grasped. Not only does the missed opportunity not receive good results, but sometimes the opposite result will occur. Generally, ring cutting and ring peeling are best performed from late May to early June (Jingning Apple's technology is generally not recommended for use). Topping and twisting are appropriate from late May to early July. Pulling branches and sparse branches are better during the period from Liqiu to Bailu. It is better to cut and wear the hat in the first half of August.
The amount of pruning should be appropriate
Because pruning in summer will damage or cut off some branches and leaves, it will reduce the photosynthetic area and weaken the growth potential of fruit trees. Therefore, the amount of pruning should be lighter. Under the premise of improving ventilation and light transmission, try to cut lightly as much as possible, so as not to stimulate the growth or excessively weaken the tree, so as not to adversely affect the growth and results of the tree.
Promote flower bud differentiation and improve fruit quality
Pay attention to improving the microclimate of the canopy, ensuring good ventilation and light transmission conditions. After cutting, the branches are dense and moderate, and the arrangement is even and reasonable. The light can be transmitted to the inner chamber and the lower layer to the extent that it is not covered by the top and not covered by the outside, so as to promote The purpose of flower bud differentiation is to avoid "big and small years" and improve fruit quality.
Adapt to the local conditions
According to tree age, tree vigor, variety characteristics, natural conditions, pruning purpose, etc., determine the appropriate pruning method and pruning degree, or promote flower promotion, or promote growth, or improve fruit quality, and ultimately achieve high quality, high yield, stable yield, The purpose of strong trees.
Five Misunderstandings and Correct Methods
Misunderstanding 1: Light topping and topping are not continuous
Some fruit farmers believe that topping means removing new growth points and only picking the branches of the branches on the back gently by hand, thus forming many multi-headed branches. There are also some fruit farmers who have the correct topping position, but only topping once. The standard method of topping: when the length of the branch on the back is 15-20 cm, remove the upper branch tip at 5-7 leaves from the base, observe once every week to see if it stops growing, if it does not stop growing, you can continue to top 2 to 3 times until it stops growing, and eradicate the buds below the topping site in time to avoid multiple branches.
Misunderstanding 2: The object of ring cutting (stripping) is not clear
One is not to look at the tree vigor, but to cut (peel) the weaker tree. The second is too much circumcision (stripping) of dwarf and short-branched fruit trees, which greatly weakens their vigor. The third is not to look at the age of the tree, but also circumcise (peel) the young trees of 1 to 2 years and the older trees over 15 years old. The fourth is not to look at the big and small years, and not to circumcise (stripe) the resulting big-year trees, but to carry out extremely heavy circumcision (stripping) to the resulting small-year trees, making the size and year more serious. The above phenomenon may achieve the purpose of forming the tree into flowers, and the tree vigor is weakened too quickly. The object of circumcision (peeling) should be the arbor tree with too strong growth and unsustainable fruit. The tree is 5 to 15 years old and the surrounding orchard is free of rot.
Misunderstanding 3: Twisting piece
Some fruit farmers no matter how many branches are twisted on the back, both increase the amount of branches and affect the light. Where there is a lot of space on the back, when the new shoot grows to 35 cm, twist the tip in the semi-lignified part (5-8 cm down from the top of the center), so that you can make full use of the advantages of the back to produce flowers, and Does not affect light. The twisting of the same main branch should not be too much. 3 to 5 should be twisted according to the size of the tree, and the rest should be removed. After twisting, the base is easy to withdraw new erect branches, and the buds should be wiped off or sparse in time.
Misunderstanding four: Improper handling of Guotai secondary tip
Some fruit farmers cut off the fruit tip of the fruit platform, some topping, and some simply remove it. These practices violate the law of the nearest supply of nutrients, resulting in less nutrient production around the fruit and affecting fruit expansion. Correct practice: For varieties with serious flowering and fruit dropping, leave 6~7 leaves for light topping when the secondary tip of fruit stand is 20~25 cm long. For the large fruit varieties such as Red Fuji, it is necessary to protect and make good use of the fruit tip.
Misunderstanding five: scissors and saws are not disinfected
The prevalence of rot and dry rot is very much related to pathogens such as scissors and saws. Correct practice: After sawing out rot or dry rot, the pruning tool should be fired and sterilized immediately; the sawing mouth should also be processed in time, and it can be smeared with oil mixed with 1/15 methyl thiophanate pure powder or sulfur powder Cut the saw.
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