Chinese cabbage, also known as Chinese cabbage, is widely grown in all parts of the country, with high yield, management and labor saving, storage and transportation, and long supply period, suitable for large-scale planting. Chinese cabbage is a semi-hardy vegetable, and the suitable temperature for growth is 10-22 ° C. It stops growing below 5 ° C, and the suitable storage temperature is 0 ~ 2 ° C. The suitable temperature for the regreening and convulsion period is 12 to 16 ° C, and the optimum temperature for flowering and podding is 17 to 20 ° C. A long-day crop that requires moderate intensity of light. Chinese cabbage is a kind of high-yield vegetable, which is technically strong, so we must grasp every technical link.
1. Lot selection. Choose loose, fertile, drained soil or light clay to avoid continuous cropping with cruciferous vegetables (preferably 2 to 3 years of rotation to prevent the spread of pests and diseases).
2. Variety selection. Choose early, middle and late varieties that are resistant to disease, high quality, high yield and good commodity.
3. Apply enough base fertilizer to prepare the land. Apply 3,000 square meters of fully decomposed ring fertilizer or chicken manure per 667 square meters, 30kg of superphosphate or compound fertilizer. When it is too late to apply the fertilizer, it can be applied with fertilizer: 3-6 kg of urea per 667 square meters, 2~5kg of hole sowing, pay attention to the direct contact of the fertilizer with the seeds. It is generally cultivated with sorghum, with a ridge height of 10 to 15 cm, a ridge width of 40 cm, and a ridge between 60 cm. After ridges, apply 140 ml of the herbicide trifluralin per 667 square meters, and then mix well with the soil to prevent photolysis failure.
4. Sowing at the right time. Chinese cabbage requires very strict sowing date, and appropriate sowing date should be selected according to meteorological conditions and varieties. The winter storage Chinese cabbage in the central part of Hebei Province is generally sown in mid-August (before and after the autumn) and harvested in mid-November in November; summer Chinese cabbage is generally sown in late July and listed in late September; the southern part of China is usually planted in autumn, and the leaf is mature. After harvesting at any time. The sowing methods include live seeding and seedling transplanting, and live broadcast can be carried out by spot or strip. After sowing, cover the fine soil 0.5~1cm, and compact it.
5. Field management
(1) Miao Ding Miao. 15 days after sowing and time seedlings, 1 to 2 strains were left within 5 cm, and seedlings were fixed 20 days after sowing (7-8 leaves). If there is a lack of seedlings, supplement the plants before and after the leaves.
(2) Reasonable close planting. Generally, the variety is about 100 days, 1600-2100 plants per 667 square meters; 2200-2400 plants per 667 square meters for 80-90 days; 3000-4000 plants for 667 square meters for 60-70 days. Generally, the areas with long growing seasons are more sparse, and the live broadcasts are thinner than those of transplanting, and the fertility is thinner.
(3) cultivating and weeding. After the seedlings, timely weeding and weeding, and the last cultivating before sealing the ridge. Before cultivating, it is shallow and deep, avoiding root damage.
(4) Watering at the right time. Watering in time after sowing, keeping Qi Miao and promoting strong seedlings. After planting seedlings, planting or replanting, watering, promoting returning seedlings, watering in the initial stage of rosettes to promote hair growth; in the middle of the core, combined with topdressing and watering, and appropriate water control in the later stage to promote the heart.
(5) Appropriate amount of topdressing. The principle of Chinese cabbage topdressing is: quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, applied in stages. The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is no longer applied within 20 days before harvest. Use the root dressing in combination with the root. 25 to 30 days after emergence, enter the rosette period, there is grass to be removed, not deep ploughing, no broken ridge back, 15 to 20 kg of urea per 667 square meters (can be sprinkled 10cm around the vegetable in the evening before) and decomposed manure or The biogas slurry is 500-700kg, and then watered. After 2 to 3 days, it is refilled once. Enter the core period, apply 20~25kg of urea or 1000kg per 667 square meters of water; decompose human excrement or biogas slurry, and then apply 15~20kg human excrement or biogas slurry after 15 days to promote fast ball-filling At the same time, pay attention to the control of mites
(6) Spraying outside the root. The use of this technology is closely related to the high-quality and high-yield production of Chinese cabbage, and it should be used flexibly in actual production. During the rosette period to the ball formation period, spraying biogas slurry or 0.3% to 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 300-500 times liquid rice vinegar, 7 to 10 days, and even spraying 2 to 3 times, significantly increased The weight of the ball is increased by 15% to 25% per 667 square meters. In the rosette period, the ball-forming period and the core period, 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.08% of nitric acid solution are sprayed respectively to increase the yield by more than 10%. Spraying 30 to 40 mg/kg of gibberellin 1 to 2 times can promote the core, improve the quality, and increase the yield by about 20%.
6. Pest control
(1) Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella: biological control can be carried out by using viruses, Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, etc., or using 5% worms EC (Shengbao) 2500 times solution, 5% chlorfluazon (RiJing) SC (suspending agent) 2500 times liquid spray.
(2) Downy mildew: use 75% chlorothalonil WP (Da Shuangning) 600 times solution, 25% toxic mycelium (metalaxyl) WP800 times solution, 25% metalaxyl manganese zinc (notoxin) WP400 ~ 600 times liquid spray; can also be used 69% Anke manganese zinc (enoylmorpholine ten generation manganese zinc) WP500 ~ 600 times liquid, 72% manganese zinc frost urea WP (Ke anti-linger) 1200 times liquid alternate spray, 7 Once every 10 days, 2 to 3 times in a row. Anthracnose can be sprayed with 69% Ankang Zn WP 500-600 times solution or 80% Anthrax Fumi WP800 solution. Viral disease can be sprayed once before and after colonization 20% virus A wettable powder 600 times liquid or 1.5% plant disease EC1000 ~ 1500 times liquid spray treatment.
7. Sheaf leaves and harvest. Chinese cabbage is bundled with straw or sweet potato stalks 5 to 10 days before harvest (usually in late October). The general frosty festival in central and southern Hebei Province is early in the east and north. After the Chinese cabbage leaves are grown, they must be harvested in time. In the central and southern parts of Hebei Province, it is generally harvested in the winter solstice as a storage of cabbage.
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