In recent years, due to continuous rainfall, the occurrence and spread of cotton diseases have been exacerbated, and the incidence of yellow wilt disease has become increasingly serious. At present, cotton has entered the peak of onset, such as the rain, or sunny days after the rain, high temperatures in the sun, yellow wilt disease will be Proliferate quickly, remind farmer friends, and prevent and reduce harm as soon as possible. Here are some of the causes of diseases and their prevention and control methods as follows:
1. Fusarium wilt: Cancer, also known as plants, is the enemy of cotton production and has spread rapidly in recent years. Fusarium wilt is characterized by: dwarfing plants, grayish-green leaves, brittleness, stalk bending, shortening of stem knots, depression of the roof, and vascular bundles in stems turning grayish brown or light black. Incidence conditions: high temperature and high humidity, even planting, sunny days after the rain, will die, into a film death. The pathogen is Fusarium, which can survive in soil for more than 16 years. Control methods: 1. Change the soil: Based on the application of organic fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increase the application of 0.5 kg of heavy scorpion agent or 10 kg of fertility cultivars per acre and then plough the soil to kill most pathogens in the soil. Increase the permeability of the soil, eliminate the content of alanine in the soil, remove the hardening, improve the saline-alkali, enhance the disease resistance of plants, reduce the damage of yellowish wilt; 2, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. 3. Watering at an appropriate time. On average, there are two bells per plant. The first water is poured when the weather is dry. The watering will promote the occurrence of disease. 4. The seedling, bud and flowering period are sprayed 2-4 times with the first aid. Or anti-blow wilt agent, or badewing so control the brown wilt disease, each drug plus a bag of sodium nitroprusside; better. 5, on the diseased plants can be surgically controlled, set on the base of the cotton stem 5-6 cm with a knife to open 2-3 cm longitudinal port, insert two with the yellow liquid first aid soaked for more than 4 hours of the matchstick, take The above methods can effectively control the damage of cotton wilt, and can also control the blight of other crops.
2. Verticillium wilt: Most of them are harmed with blight. They are called blight and verticillium wilt. Verticillium wilt is more harmful than wilt, and the damage caused is greater. Verticillium wilt is characterized by a slight dwarfing of the plants, with yellow patches appearing at the beginning of the lower leaves, gradually expanding, withering, and falling off. The flowering and ringing seasons occur in large quantities. Heavy losses, browning in stems of diseased plants, virulence of Verticillium spp., prevention and control methods used to cure wilt disease, but more difficult to control than wilt disease,
III. Black rot: A new disease has just been discovered in our county. Its characteristics are black in the epidermis of cotton roots, slightly raised, no new roots growing, short plants, soft cotton leaves, slow growth, and easy death at high temperatures. After death, the plants were dark and dry, and they did not fall downright. The diseased area was blocky. The cause of the disease was: long postponed water, low-lying land, heavy saline or alkali fertilizers, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, and poor cultivator cultivars. The sweet potato, beet, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and radish plots are prone to develop this disease.
Control methods: 1, leveling the land, prevent water accumulation, timely drainage. 2. After the rain, the cultivating loose soil breathes in time to increase the root activity. 3. Adding 15 kg of lime powder per acre, 10 kg of ferrous sulfate, or applying a heavy scorpion agent, and fertility can all reduce and control the occurrence of this disease; 4. Add organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and apply and apply nitrogen fertilizer in an appropriate amount; 5, the incidence of yellow with the first aid, rot 20 grams of speed Kang, add 15 kilograms of water, spraying foliar or irrigation roots can effectively prevent black rot.
IV. Viral diseases: Cotton virus diseases mainly include lobular virus disease, mosaic virus disease, beryllium wilt, purple leaf virus disease, fallen leaf, fallen flowers, and fruit drop virus disease. The virus disease is called plant AIDS and spreads rapidly. , Reduced production in the intangible, is the plant's first enemy, prevention and control methods, in the early stages of cotton growth with the virus doctor, anti-toxin, viral extinction, blight Ling can control.
V. Red-leaved stem blight: It is an important disease in the middle and later stages of cotton. The diseased plants stop growing, the top is closed, the leaves are red and purple, and the stems appear scorch-like, and the leaves later fall off in large numbers. The cotton boll cracks early, most of the time. Boll shedding, the cause of the disease is the early rain, drought in the middle and later stages, the soil is severely deficient in potassium, zinc deficiency can also easily lead to the accelerated disease. Control methods: Potassium and zinc fertilizers were added, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate, 1 kg of zinc sulfate, and 10 kg of ferrous sulfate were applied to reduce the occurrence of this disease. In the early stage of growth, it is possible to control the disease with 1-2 times without strong premature failure. After the onset of disease, the leaves are sprayed with 0.3% zinc sulfate aqueous solution, which can also control and reduce the risk of the disease.
Sixth, black shank disease: The latest discovery of a new type of cotton disease, the symptoms are, in the plant stems in the upper fruit branch decentralization at the disease, was black lesions, along the tillers up and down, gradually forming a bar, The stalk stem was one week old, and the lower part of the stalk was jagged, with atrophy at the black stem and no disease at the top heart and root. The disease also occurs in large quantities under high temperature and high humidity conditions. The disease is easy to infect sunflower, tobacco, and also in cotton. Control methods: yellow first aid, 20 grams of decay speed Kang, add 15 kg of water to spray the cotton plant, you can also spray 3% lime water and 500 times anti-rot agent, or 20 grams of decay speed Kang, add 100 grams of vinegar, watered 15 kg can be controlled.
VII. Thermal damage of cotton: The suitable growth temperature of cotton is 24-28°C. However, during the growth process of cotton, high temperature weather exceeding 33°C often occurs. When the cotton temperature exceeds 33°C, the temperature will increase the temperature in the plants. A large number of proteins are decomposed into carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia. Carbon dioxide and water can be lost through the pores. The ammonia gas accumulates in the plants and causes damage to the leaves caused by ammonia damage. The flower bells fall off, the fruit burns, and the sunburn disease develops. The plants are stopped. Growth, resulting in reduced production, control methods: 20 grams of rot speed Kang, add 100 grams of vinegar, watered 15 kilograms, spraying leaves to reduce the harm, this method can also prevent hot dry wheat, fruit burns, cabbage soft rot , Cotton herbicides, etc.
1. Fusarium wilt: Cancer, also known as plants, is the enemy of cotton production and has spread rapidly in recent years. Fusarium wilt is characterized by: dwarfing plants, grayish-green leaves, brittleness, stalk bending, shortening of stem knots, depression of the roof, and vascular bundles in stems turning grayish brown or light black. Incidence conditions: high temperature and high humidity, even planting, sunny days after the rain, will die, into a film death. The pathogen is Fusarium, which can survive in soil for more than 16 years. Control methods: 1. Change the soil: Based on the application of organic fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increase the application of 0.5 kg of heavy scorpion agent or 10 kg of fertility cultivars per acre and then plough the soil to kill most pathogens in the soil. Increase the permeability of the soil, eliminate the content of alanine in the soil, remove the hardening, improve the saline-alkali, enhance the disease resistance of plants, reduce the damage of yellowish wilt; 2, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer. 3. Watering at an appropriate time. On average, there are two bells per plant. The first water is poured when the weather is dry. The watering will promote the occurrence of disease. 4. The seedling, bud and flowering period are sprayed 2-4 times with the first aid. Or anti-blow wilt agent, or badewing so control the brown wilt disease, each drug plus a bag of sodium nitroprusside; better. 5, on the diseased plants can be surgically controlled, set on the base of the cotton stem 5-6 cm with a knife to open 2-3 cm longitudinal port, insert two with the yellow liquid first aid soaked for more than 4 hours of the matchstick, take The above methods can effectively control the damage of cotton wilt, and can also control the blight of other crops.
2. Verticillium wilt: Most of them are harmed with blight. They are called blight and verticillium wilt. Verticillium wilt is more harmful than wilt, and the damage caused is greater. Verticillium wilt is characterized by a slight dwarfing of the plants, with yellow patches appearing at the beginning of the lower leaves, gradually expanding, withering, and falling off. The flowering and ringing seasons occur in large quantities. Heavy losses, browning in stems of diseased plants, virulence of Verticillium spp., prevention and control methods used to cure wilt disease, but more difficult to control than wilt disease,
III. Black rot: A new disease has just been discovered in our county. Its characteristics are black in the epidermis of cotton roots, slightly raised, no new roots growing, short plants, soft cotton leaves, slow growth, and easy death at high temperatures. After death, the plants were dark and dry, and they did not fall downright. The diseased area was blocky. The cause of the disease was: long postponed water, low-lying land, heavy saline or alkali fertilizers, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, and poor cultivator cultivars. The sweet potato, beet, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and radish plots are prone to develop this disease.
Control methods: 1, leveling the land, prevent water accumulation, timely drainage. 2. After the rain, the cultivating loose soil breathes in time to increase the root activity. 3. Adding 15 kg of lime powder per acre, 10 kg of ferrous sulfate, or applying a heavy scorpion agent, and fertility can all reduce and control the occurrence of this disease; 4. Add organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and apply and apply nitrogen fertilizer in an appropriate amount; 5, the incidence of yellow with the first aid, rot 20 grams of speed Kang, add 15 kilograms of water, spraying foliar or irrigation roots can effectively prevent black rot.
IV. Viral diseases: Cotton virus diseases mainly include lobular virus disease, mosaic virus disease, beryllium wilt, purple leaf virus disease, fallen leaf, fallen flowers, and fruit drop virus disease. The virus disease is called plant AIDS and spreads rapidly. , Reduced production in the intangible, is the plant's first enemy, prevention and control methods, in the early stages of cotton growth with the virus doctor, anti-toxin, viral extinction, blight Ling can control.
V. Red-leaved stem blight: It is an important disease in the middle and later stages of cotton. The diseased plants stop growing, the top is closed, the leaves are red and purple, and the stems appear scorch-like, and the leaves later fall off in large numbers. The cotton boll cracks early, most of the time. Boll shedding, the cause of the disease is the early rain, drought in the middle and later stages, the soil is severely deficient in potassium, zinc deficiency can also easily lead to the accelerated disease. Control methods: Potassium and zinc fertilizers were added, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate, 1 kg of zinc sulfate, and 10 kg of ferrous sulfate were applied to reduce the occurrence of this disease. In the early stage of growth, it is possible to control the disease with 1-2 times without strong premature failure. After the onset of disease, the leaves are sprayed with 0.3% zinc sulfate aqueous solution, which can also control and reduce the risk of the disease.
Sixth, black shank disease: The latest discovery of a new type of cotton disease, the symptoms are, in the plant stems in the upper fruit branch decentralization at the disease, was black lesions, along the tillers up and down, gradually forming a bar, The stalk stem was one week old, and the lower part of the stalk was jagged, with atrophy at the black stem and no disease at the top heart and root. The disease also occurs in large quantities under high temperature and high humidity conditions. The disease is easy to infect sunflower, tobacco, and also in cotton. Control methods: yellow first aid, 20 grams of decay speed Kang, add 15 kg of water to spray the cotton plant, you can also spray 3% lime water and 500 times anti-rot agent, or 20 grams of decay speed Kang, add 100 grams of vinegar, watered 15 kg can be controlled.
VII. Thermal damage of cotton: The suitable growth temperature of cotton is 24-28°C. However, during the growth process of cotton, high temperature weather exceeding 33°C often occurs. When the cotton temperature exceeds 33°C, the temperature will increase the temperature in the plants. A large number of proteins are decomposed into carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia. Carbon dioxide and water can be lost through the pores. The ammonia gas accumulates in the plants and causes damage to the leaves caused by ammonia damage. The flower bells fall off, the fruit burns, and the sunburn disease develops. The plants are stopped. Growth, resulting in reduced production, control methods: 20 grams of rot speed Kang, add 100 grams of vinegar, watered 15 kilograms, spraying leaves to reduce the harm, this method can also prevent hot dry wheat, fruit burns, cabbage soft rot , Cotton herbicides, etc.
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