The national science and technology research project carried out by wheat breeding experts at the North A&F University of Science and Technology “The Research on the Establishment and Genetic Characteristics of the YS Wheat Temperature Sensitive Male Sterile Line†was appraised by the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology on June 7th. Academician Liu Daxuan and other experts believe that the YS type thermo-resistance sterile line created by this institute has opened up new avenues for hybrid wheat breeding, and the research ranks first in the world. According to reports, hybrid wheat breeding must first kill male pollen. In the past, there were only two main methods: First, the breeding methods of hybrid rice, hybrid rapeseed and hybrid sorghum were used, that is, the research of the male sterile three-line system. Another method is to kill male pollen with a chemical killer. However, in the breeding process of hybrid wheat, the three-line method of male sterile breeding has the problems of high cost and difficulty in preservation. The use of chemical maleicides in hybrid wheat breeding has the problems of high cost, difficulty in pesticide application and environmental safety. In view of the disadvantages and problems existing in the above two methods, the research team led by Professor He Yanru from the Northwest A&F University has studied and explored the two systems of wheat and thermo-sensitive male infertility. After 13 years of unremitting efforts, he finally became wild. A thermo-sensitive male sterility gene was found on the short arm of the wheat chromosome of Sparta wheat, and the method of easily introducing this temperature-sensitive gene into common wheat was invented, and the YS type wheat temperature adapted to the ecological conditions of Huanghuai wheat region was developed. Sensitive male sterile line. Using this method, any common wheat can be modified into a YS type temperature-sensitive sterile line. Prof. He Ruru introduced that YS-type wheat thermo-resistance male sterile line has better temperature-sensitive characteristics, the sensitive period of fertility conversion is 8 days before and after booting stage, the critical temperature for fertility transition is 18.0°C, and the fertility is stable and fertile at ≥20°C. There was no significant correlation between conversion and day length; under the fertile environment, the self-residence rate was positively correlated with the relative humidity of the air. Years of trials have shown that the safe sowing period for complete male infertility in the Huanghuai wheat region is 60 days. Fertility conversion temperature and application safety are significantly higher than the current domestic temperature-sensitive wheat sterile line. The results of the research group's planting at seven different latitudes showed that the YS wheat thermo-sensitive sterile lines showed stable male sterility in winter wheat fields in Huanghuai, Yungui winter wheat, spring wheat in northwest and spring wheat in northeastern China. YS type thermo-resistance male sterile line has stable sterility, obvious fertility conversion, high critical temperature of fertility transition, and adapts to the ecological conditions of China's main wheat producing areas, showing a good application prospect.
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