1. Cultivation Environment Chicory is highly resistant to stress and cold-tolerant. The roots of the plants can be exposed in winter in the Beijing area and can be bred and bloomed in the summer under high temperature and long days, and should be cultivated in regions with relatively cool climates. After harvesting the roots, the plants are softened under dark conditions and kept moist. At a temperature of 10-12°C, it takes 30-40 days to harvest buds; at a temperature of 18-20°C, about 20-25 days, white buds can be formed.
2. Variety Choose the species that produce the chicory bud ball, and the type of the bud that is softened after the pod is softened is milky white or milky yellow. You can choose from Jazz, Salsa, imported from Belgium, Corald, Mechelis, Terriouf from Holland, Vom, White from Japan, and Echerinis from Britain. Brazilian white chicory introduced from Brazil.
3, pollution-free cultivation techniques
3.1 Field Cultivation Management
3.1.1 Soil preparation, basal fertilization, and sorghum should be chosen to cultivate deep loam or sandy loam. According to the conditions of fertility, put in organic fertilizer 43000-75000g/hm2, long-acting three-component compound fertilizer 750kg/hm2, and level land. We make 畦 å— å— å— å— ç•¦ 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦.
3.1.2 During the sowing period, the high ridge live in North China from late July to early August.
3.1.3 Seeding method Chicory should be broadcast live, because the nursery transplant often because of the root and easy to form roots or curved roots, root growth, but because of its small seeds, the need for fine sowing; live sorghum sow two lines, spacing 25 -30cm, 12-15cm from the hole, 3-4 seeds per hole, cover 0.5cm after sowing. Use 50-75g per mu. Choose sunny when sowing, avoid heavy rain shoot seedlings. If the planting period meets heavy rain, it should be planted after the rain, or sowed before the rain; after sowing, the mulching membrane shall be used, the mulching film shall be cut after emergence, 3-4 true leaves shall be fixed, the spacing of the seedlings shall be 15cm, and the mulching film can reduce the miscellaneous Grass grows and maintains fertilizer and water, which helps the growth of fleshy roots. When the seed source is less or the planting land cannot be vacated in time, seedlings can be used for transplanting, and it is best to use seedling trays or nutritious earth seedlings for transplanting, and transplanting with soil.
3.1.4 In the event of the high temperature season, Daejeon Management shall strengthen its management during the seedling period, watering according to the weather conditions, improving the microclimate in the field, and checking the seedlings in time. About 20 days after emergence, the seedlings were topped with nitrogen fertilizer 1-2 times, and weeding cultivator weeding soil, applying compound fertilizer 1 times before mulching, 300-450 kg of compound fertilizer per hectare. Irrigation is based on the principle of "see dry see wet". About 90 days after sowing, the fleshy roots of the plants have been formed. Watering should be controlled and foliar fertilizer should be applied. The leaves should be sprayed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 1-2 times to promote the nutrient to the roots and increase the dry matter content of the roots. To facilitate the next stage of storage and softening cultivation.
3.1.5 Harvesting Rootstocks The chicory plants are cultivated for 110-120 days to form a rich endoplasmic root that can be harvested. When harvesting, root groups should be completely excavated as much as possible, without leaving the roots in the soil. The harvesting of the roots should be carried out on a sunny day. When the harvest is done in large areas, the roots of the roots should be neatly shed after the roots are cut, and the leaves are to be cleaned together. See the weather conditions and dry for 2-3 days. Remove the individual convulsions from the plants and pound them into a round pile in the field. When stacking, put the roots inwards and leaves outwards to protect the roots from frostbite so that there is ample time to sort the roots in the field. The roots of the finishing method: in the root crown of about 6cm at the removal of the leaves, remove the external yellow leaves, rotten leaves, the size of the root stack, and then shipped to a cool place for storage. When finishing, pay attention to the root of the leafhopper should not be too long or too short, stay too long, prone to rot and plant roots when stored; stay too short and easy to cut wound growth point and can not form a qualified product bud balls. The refurbishment, storage and transportation work must be completed before the severe cold, and do not let the root strain suffer freezing injury. Otherwise, it will be lost due to frost rot of the root strain during softening cultivation.
3.1.6 When the temperature of storage or pits is controlled at 0°C and the relative humidity of the air is above 95%, it can be stored for 6 months. If using silicone rubber modified atmosphere packaging bag, the effect is better.
3.2 Softening Cultivation After harvesting the roots of Daejeon, it should be treated with low temperature for 7-10 days to make it hibernate and then soften and cultivate. The standard roots should be straight conical no roots, length 15-20cm, diameter 3-5cm, weight about 100-125g, long roots can be cut off, generally 1hm2 field roots need 300-375m2 softening groove. There are many methods for softening cultivation, which can be carried out in Yangshuo, greenhouses, greenhouses, cellars, and even open ground. Can also be used high plastic barrels, wooden boxes and other devices held in the room. Basically, it can be divided into soil culture method and water culture method.
3.2.1 The soil culture method is to dig trenches directly on the ground, with a width of 100-150cm and a depth of 20-25cm, depending on the site. Bottom ground hotline covered with soil 3cm. The well-dressed roots should start from one end, one by one, and be filled with water, then cover the roots with fillers such as clay or fine sand, peat, etc., cover the thickness of 10-15cm, and stay on the ground. In a space of 20cm, cover with a black film or other shade on the groove. The temperature is controlled at 18-20°C. After seeing the yellow-white bud tips on the cover for about 20 days, the soil can be opened and the buds can be harvested. Generally about 27.5 kg of buds are harvested per square meter. The buds conforming to the specifications of the product are yellowish-white, thick and tightly budding, 12-15cm long, and the largest diameter is about 6cm in diameter, and the single weight is about 100g. After the shoots are harvested, they are cleaned and stored in shading at a temperature of 0°C (above 95% relative humidity) or listed on the market. In order to extend the harvest period, the most economical method in North China is to open trenches to trenches before outdoor freezing in winter (the method is the same as protective ground). The root of chicory planted in the trench, better covered with fine sand or river sand, thickness of about 20cm. It is covered with straw curtains and it is wintering under natural temperatures, but it must be checked frequently. In winter, the straw curtains can be harvested until early April.
3.2.2 The principle of hydroponic method is basically the same as that of soil culture. It can perform three-dimensional production and mechanical operation, and the production efficiency is higher. Hydroponics precautions: First, the root must be washed, and remove the old petiole, the same length. According to practice, cutting off the root tip of part of the fleshy root before hydroponic culture is more conducive to the growth of the bud, and the bud ball is more compact and the length is shortened accordingly; the second is the requirement of flowing water, the water quality is clean, and the optimal water level should be Less than 1/2 or more than 1/3 of the root strain; Third, strict control of temperature, humidity, and shading.
4. The selection of planting and retaining seedlings was selected from the softening cultivation. The roots with good appearance of buds, which conformed to the commodity standards, were uprooted, planted in a collection garden, separated from other species and endangered species, and plants with premature bolting and flowering were removed in summer. After a large number of flowers are planted in full bloom, the seeds in the middle of the plant are turned to yellow, cut, dried and threshed, and the wind and net are preserved for reserve. A small number of plants collect seeds and should be harvested in batches, followed by picking.
2. Variety Choose the species that produce the chicory bud ball, and the type of the bud that is softened after the pod is softened is milky white or milky yellow. You can choose from Jazz, Salsa, imported from Belgium, Corald, Mechelis, Terriouf from Holland, Vom, White from Japan, and Echerinis from Britain. Brazilian white chicory introduced from Brazil.
3, pollution-free cultivation techniques
3.1 Field Cultivation Management
3.1.1 Soil preparation, basal fertilization, and sorghum should be chosen to cultivate deep loam or sandy loam. According to the conditions of fertility, put in organic fertilizer 43000-75000g/hm2, long-acting three-component compound fertilizer 750kg/hm2, and level land. We make 畦 å— å— å— å— ç•¦ 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦.
3.1.2 During the sowing period, the high ridge live in North China from late July to early August.
3.1.3 Seeding method Chicory should be broadcast live, because the nursery transplant often because of the root and easy to form roots or curved roots, root growth, but because of its small seeds, the need for fine sowing; live sorghum sow two lines, spacing 25 -30cm, 12-15cm from the hole, 3-4 seeds per hole, cover 0.5cm after sowing. Use 50-75g per mu. Choose sunny when sowing, avoid heavy rain shoot seedlings. If the planting period meets heavy rain, it should be planted after the rain, or sowed before the rain; after sowing, the mulching membrane shall be used, the mulching film shall be cut after emergence, 3-4 true leaves shall be fixed, the spacing of the seedlings shall be 15cm, and the mulching film can reduce the miscellaneous Grass grows and maintains fertilizer and water, which helps the growth of fleshy roots. When the seed source is less or the planting land cannot be vacated in time, seedlings can be used for transplanting, and it is best to use seedling trays or nutritious earth seedlings for transplanting, and transplanting with soil.
3.1.4 In the event of the high temperature season, Daejeon Management shall strengthen its management during the seedling period, watering according to the weather conditions, improving the microclimate in the field, and checking the seedlings in time. About 20 days after emergence, the seedlings were topped with nitrogen fertilizer 1-2 times, and weeding cultivator weeding soil, applying compound fertilizer 1 times before mulching, 300-450 kg of compound fertilizer per hectare. Irrigation is based on the principle of "see dry see wet". About 90 days after sowing, the fleshy roots of the plants have been formed. Watering should be controlled and foliar fertilizer should be applied. The leaves should be sprayed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 1-2 times to promote the nutrient to the roots and increase the dry matter content of the roots. To facilitate the next stage of storage and softening cultivation.
3.1.5 Harvesting Rootstocks The chicory plants are cultivated for 110-120 days to form a rich endoplasmic root that can be harvested. When harvesting, root groups should be completely excavated as much as possible, without leaving the roots in the soil. The harvesting of the roots should be carried out on a sunny day. When the harvest is done in large areas, the roots of the roots should be neatly shed after the roots are cut, and the leaves are to be cleaned together. See the weather conditions and dry for 2-3 days. Remove the individual convulsions from the plants and pound them into a round pile in the field. When stacking, put the roots inwards and leaves outwards to protect the roots from frostbite so that there is ample time to sort the roots in the field. The roots of the finishing method: in the root crown of about 6cm at the removal of the leaves, remove the external yellow leaves, rotten leaves, the size of the root stack, and then shipped to a cool place for storage. When finishing, pay attention to the root of the leafhopper should not be too long or too short, stay too long, prone to rot and plant roots when stored; stay too short and easy to cut wound growth point and can not form a qualified product bud balls. The refurbishment, storage and transportation work must be completed before the severe cold, and do not let the root strain suffer freezing injury. Otherwise, it will be lost due to frost rot of the root strain during softening cultivation.
3.1.6 When the temperature of storage or pits is controlled at 0°C and the relative humidity of the air is above 95%, it can be stored for 6 months. If using silicone rubber modified atmosphere packaging bag, the effect is better.
3.2 Softening Cultivation After harvesting the roots of Daejeon, it should be treated with low temperature for 7-10 days to make it hibernate and then soften and cultivate. The standard roots should be straight conical no roots, length 15-20cm, diameter 3-5cm, weight about 100-125g, long roots can be cut off, generally 1hm2 field roots need 300-375m2 softening groove. There are many methods for softening cultivation, which can be carried out in Yangshuo, greenhouses, greenhouses, cellars, and even open ground. Can also be used high plastic barrels, wooden boxes and other devices held in the room. Basically, it can be divided into soil culture method and water culture method.
3.2.1 The soil culture method is to dig trenches directly on the ground, with a width of 100-150cm and a depth of 20-25cm, depending on the site. Bottom ground hotline covered with soil 3cm. The well-dressed roots should start from one end, one by one, and be filled with water, then cover the roots with fillers such as clay or fine sand, peat, etc., cover the thickness of 10-15cm, and stay on the ground. In a space of 20cm, cover with a black film or other shade on the groove. The temperature is controlled at 18-20°C. After seeing the yellow-white bud tips on the cover for about 20 days, the soil can be opened and the buds can be harvested. Generally about 27.5 kg of buds are harvested per square meter. The buds conforming to the specifications of the product are yellowish-white, thick and tightly budding, 12-15cm long, and the largest diameter is about 6cm in diameter, and the single weight is about 100g. After the shoots are harvested, they are cleaned and stored in shading at a temperature of 0°C (above 95% relative humidity) or listed on the market. In order to extend the harvest period, the most economical method in North China is to open trenches to trenches before outdoor freezing in winter (the method is the same as protective ground). The root of chicory planted in the trench, better covered with fine sand or river sand, thickness of about 20cm. It is covered with straw curtains and it is wintering under natural temperatures, but it must be checked frequently. In winter, the straw curtains can be harvested until early April.
3.2.2 The principle of hydroponic method is basically the same as that of soil culture. It can perform three-dimensional production and mechanical operation, and the production efficiency is higher. Hydroponics precautions: First, the root must be washed, and remove the old petiole, the same length. According to practice, cutting off the root tip of part of the fleshy root before hydroponic culture is more conducive to the growth of the bud, and the bud ball is more compact and the length is shortened accordingly; the second is the requirement of flowing water, the water quality is clean, and the optimal water level should be Less than 1/2 or more than 1/3 of the root strain; Third, strict control of temperature, humidity, and shading.
4. The selection of planting and retaining seedlings was selected from the softening cultivation. The roots with good appearance of buds, which conformed to the commodity standards, were uprooted, planted in a collection garden, separated from other species and endangered species, and plants with premature bolting and flowering were removed in summer. After a large number of flowers are planted in full bloom, the seeds in the middle of the plant are turned to yellow, cut, dried and threshed, and the wind and net are preserved for reserve. A small number of plants collect seeds and should be harvested in batches, followed by picking.
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