On the eve of “National Dayâ€, the good news from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences is encouraging: The molecular breeding technology of the three-line hybrid cotton of the transgenic insect-resistant genes in our country has achieved a major breakthrough, and the research level has leapt to the leading position in the world! Since then, China's transgenic insect-resistant cotton, like hybrid rice, has been able to achieve large-scale, large-scale climbs in production, providing strong technological support for China’s textile industry and increasing farmers’ income. This also marks China’s becoming the first in the world. Large-scale promotion of the application of three-line hybrid cotton technology to transform insect-resistant genes to high-tech countries. This afternoon, famous hybrid rice expert Yuan Longping, famous vegetable expert Fang Zhiyuan and Vice Minister of Agriculture Fan Xiaojian, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dr. Xu Huqu, and leaders and experts from National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Ministry of Agriculture came to Beijing. In Pinggu District, the three-line hybrid cotton new varieties and new strains of transgenic insect-resistant genes that have been successfully cultivated by the Institute of Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences were fielded and given to China's own three-line hybrid cotton with insect-resistant transgenic genes with independent intellectual property rights. Highly rated. At this point, China has achieved three-line support in rice, corn, canola, soybeans, and cotton, and other five major crops, cotton, and oil major crops, and is far ahead in the world. The three lines are the sterile line, the maintain line and the restorer line. It is a technical method of cross breeding. Through the three lines, the heterosis of the crops can be fully utilized to cultivate new crop varieties with high yield and resistance to pests and diseases. Hybrid rice in China is a breakthrough method using this method. Similarly, cotton has obvious heterosis, but due to the failure to solve bottleneck problems caused by cytoplasmic infertility, domestic and foreign research on three-line hybrid cotton has not made great progress. Since 1999, the research team headed by the Guosandui Research Institute of the Institute of Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been strongly supported by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In cooperation with Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the research on molecular breeding of three-line hybrid cotton for transgenic insects was carried out. After six years of unremitting efforts, major breakthroughs were made. On August 23 this year, the Ministry of Agriculture hosted the results appraisal meeting on the “molecular breeding technology system for transgenic three-line hybrid cottonâ€. The appraisal committee unanimously believed that this major achievement combined the use of genetic engineering technology and hybrid superiority, and conquered a series of major changes in the three-line hybrid cotton cultivars such as stenosis, lack of insect resistance, unstable fertility, and unobvious heterosis. The scientific problem, for the first time in the world, has successfully created a new system combining conventional breeding and molecular breeding of high-yield, high-purity, high-efficiency, large-scale, low-cost, and directly applied trans-resistance gene three-line hybrid cotton. Obvious innovation, this is a major breakthrough in the history of cotton breeding, and the overall technological level ranks first in the world. The study found and recovered recovery-enhanced genes that could restore 100% recovery of fertility genes, discovered and found sterile lines with high combining ability genotypes, and established a molecular breeding system for three-line hybrids of land and terrestrial insects. "The hybrid system based on upland cotton as the basic material, through the genetic engineering method, has increased the external genetic characteristics of insect resistance resistance to the three lines of innovative germplasm. More than 40 high-yield, high-quality, early-maturing, and disease-resistant four sterile insect sterile lines were bred through a molecular breeding system for transgenic insect-resistant cotton, and 27 stable sterile lines were bred. Through this system, conventional strong restorer lines were bred. Three, 7 strong insect-resistance restoration lines; 11 cultivars of 11 pairs of insect-resistant three-line hybrid cotton seedlings were selected from the sterile and restorer lines that were bred; and the sterile and restorer lines that were bred were selected and used. One of the new strains of insect-resistant three-line hybrid cotton, Yinmian No.2, and one new strain of GKz11, an insect-resistant three-line hybrid cotton approved by the State of Hebei Province, were passed. The research group has now introduced insect-resistant genes into superior cotton varieties, and obtained more than 40 new germplasm materials and new varieties (lines) with insect resistance of more than 90%, and a significant number of new strains (lines) have been selected and bred to produce significantly more yield than conventional control insect-resistant cotton. Or a new combination of high quality and strong insect resistance. Among them, "Shanmian No. 2" (sGKz8) in the national variety regional trial from 2003 to 2004, seed cotton, lint, and pre-frost lint were 121.1%, 126.4%, and 129.2% of the control variety "Zhongmian 41", respectively. In the first place, it passed the national examination and approval in 2005 and was China's first three-line hybrid cotton variety with two pairs of insect-resistant genes. Another three combinations of GKz28, sGKz6 and sGKz34 are participating in the national regional trial. Compared with other hybrid cotton seed production technologies, the three-line hybrid cotton seed production with insect-resistant genes can generally be reduced in cost by 50%, and the seed purity can reach 100%. The seed production procedure is simple, and the seed production efficiency and seed production yield are high. It is conducive to large-scale popularization and application of insect-resistant hybrid cotton. Experts believe that the application prospects of China's insect-resistant three-line hybrid cotton are very broad. The transgenic three-line hybrid cotton not only maintains the characteristics of insect-resistant cotton, but also restores the losses and artificial inputs caused by insect pests, and maintains the original yield of varieties. Moreover, the greatest advantages can increase the yield and quality of varieties, reduce costs, and increase production. Generally more than 25%. At present, about 50 million mu of cotton fields in China are suitable for planting hybrid cotton. If calculated according to this, in theory, 80-100 million tons of lint can be newly added to increase income by 100-120 billion yuan, which is equivalent to the current total output of 10 million mu of cotton fields. That is equivalent to the increase of a cotton area in the Yangtze River Valley. In addition, it can also reduce the amount of pesticides, protect the ecological environment, and thus has enormous economic, social and ecological benefits. Experts participating in the conference believe that the molecular breeding system of the three-line hybrid cotton for insect resistance gene has been successfully established for the first time in the world, will significantly increase the cotton yield, and promote the rapid development of the cotton industry and related industries, especially in the current China's grain and cotton disputes. With priority given to safeguarding food security, the successful development of the three-line hybrid cotton for insect-resistant gene transfer will undoubtedly make a significant contribution to solving the “three rural issuesâ€. Links: Cotton is one of the most important economic crops in China. Since 1991, the national "863" program has officially established the research on insect-resistant GM cotton, and the research group of insect-resistant cotton of the Institute of Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has undertaken the "Insect-resistant transgenic crop cultivation" project. By 1999, the anti-insect transgenic cotton had been After the safety evaluation of insect cotton through commercial production, the market share of domestic insect-resistant cotton is increasing at a rate of about 10% per year. By 2004, the planting area of ​​insect-resistant cotton will reach 50 million mu, of which, the domestically produced insect-resistant cotton will be planted. The area exceeded the US insect-resistant cotton for the first time in absolute terms, accounting for 62% of the planting area of ​​insect-resistant cotton, reaching 31 million acres. In 2005, the market share of domestic insect-resistant cotton was further expanded to 73%, reaching 36 million mu. 46 varieties of insect-resistant cotton were certified at the provincial and national levels. Statistics show that the planting of insect-resistant cotton can reduce the pesticide dosage by 60-80%, reduce the input of pesticides by 60-80 yuan per mu, greatly reduce the pest damage, increase the yield, increase the income by 120-150 yuan per mu, and add up to an average increase of mu for each mu. 180-220 yuan. Based on this calculation, the total domestically-produced insect-resistant cotton in the seven years from 1999 to 2005 exceeded 127 million mu, which is approximately 228-279 billion yuan for the country and cotton farmers. Moreover, with the further in-depth industrialization of domestic insect-resistant cotton, it will continue to produce huge economic, ecological and social benefits.
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