First, choose a good variety
At present, there are mainly pigs from Changbai, Yorkshire, Duroc, and Pietrain in China. The main pig breeds in Hunan Province include sand ridge, Daweizi, Ningxiang, and Taoyuan pigs. The first generation produced by crosses between different breeds or strains has higher viability and growth intensity than their parents, which is the advantage of hybridization. We can use the long-breed boar and Yorkshire boar that have high lean meat and high growth rates to produce “growing†binary cross sows with good maternality, strong reproductive power, about 12 calves, and lactation performance. Well, the lean meat percentage is 65%, which is a good maternal for the production of commercial pigs. The boar can choose Duroc, so that it can produce pure foreign triple guess (Du x long x big) with fast weight gain. At the same time, local pig breeds can also be selected as the female parent. The Changyuan binary sow obtained by crossbreeding with Changbai and Yorkshire boars can then be produced as a male parent using the Duroc boar (Changda Ben, Du Changben, Du Daben). Three-way hybrid pigs, which have a strong adaptability and a high feed remuneration of 2.8-3.0:1, can greatly shorten the fattening period, from birth to slaughter for 150 days, weigh up to 90 kg, and can reduce the cost of raising pigs. ,Improve economic efficiency.
Second, control of public opinion
Sows have fewer calves, fewer calves, less weight, and are not uniform. And diarrhea is serious and the milk is poor. Sows have poorly developed over-slung fetuses, sows lose weight soon after birth, and severe cases develop post-production paralysis. The control of public opinion can be carried out in a phased manner to create conditions for the high yield of the sow. Sow Pregnancy (114 days), including pre-pregnancy (sowing to the first month), mid-term (2-3 months of pregnancy), and late (the last month of pregnancy). Before mating, sows are given full-quality, high-quality feed between 2-3 days after sow weaning and between matings. You can increase the number of ovulation of sows. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the first month of pregnancy gives low-nutritional feeds of 1.8-2.2 kg per head per day and the protein content is no less than 13-14% per day per head. During the second trimester (80 days before the second trimester of pregnancy), the appetite of the sows increases during this period, the metabolic function is very strong, the utilization rate of the feed is increased, and the feed with a moderate level of nutrition can be given, with a protein content of 14%-15%. 2.5 kg per head. In late pregnancy (80-107 days), the fetal body weight and body length increase extremely rapidly, accounting for about 2/3 of the fresh weight. At this time, it is necessary to feed high-nutrition diets at 3 kg per head per day, and the crude protein content is 16%-18%. . In this way, it can play a significant role in controlling the sow's sorrow, increasing the number of calves, promoting the use of abortions, and increasing the weight of newborn piglets.
Third, timely breeding
The first maternal age of the gilt should be 7-8 months old and weigh approximately 110 kg. Mastering timely breeding is the key to improving economic efficiency.
1, estrus identification. When sows are in heat. Uncomfortable behavior, crawling across other sows or being crawled by other sows, frequent urination, and vulvar swelling are not the best time to breed. When the sow's vulva redness fades, the mucus is drawing, the back pressure reflex is obvious, or there is ear movement reflex or tail root trembling, the limbs are straight, and the pose to be fitted is the best time for breeding.
2, the time and frequency of breeding. The ovulation time of adult sows is 24-36 hours after the onset of estrus, the peak is about 31 hours, and the duration of ovulation is 8-10 hours. The time it takes for the egg to maintain fertilization in the body is 8-12 hours. Fertilisation of the sperm into the sow is generally maintained for 10-15 hours. The rate of advancement of the sperm after insemination is approximately 2-3 hours to reach the fertilized part of the fallopian tube. Therefore, we begin the first 24 hours after sow estrus and we use 10-12 hours for compounding.
IV. Early weaning
Piglets are weaned 28-30 days after birth to ensure that a sow can produce 2 to 2.5 litters per year, and most of the sows after early weaning can be estrus in 5-7 days and the conception rate is between 90% and 95%.
V. Elimination and update
The old, weak, sick, disabled and low-producing sows should be eliminated and updated in time. The general annual elimination rate is 25%-30% of the sow herds. In addition, gilts are supplemented in a timely manner to ensure a reasonable proportion of 20%, 60%, and 20% of the sows in the herd.
Sixth, epidemic prevention
Functional reproductive disorders: including ovarian hypoplasia, ovarian cysts, persistent corpus luteum, and follicular developmental disorders. These diseases can be treated symptomatically by hormones such as luteinizing hormone, prostaglandin, meningo-gonadotropin, and maternal serum.
Diseased reproductive disorders: Swine fever can cause miscarriage in pregnant sows, aborted fetal edema, and epidermal bleeding. The main prevention is the selection of high-quality rabbit attenuated vaccines for vaccination. The gilts are given intramuscular injections of 3 piglets (heads of the cell seedlings) 30 days before breeding and 30 days before mating, 2 times a year. . You can also use the spleen to sterilize boars, sows and replacement pigs 3 times a year, intramuscular injection 1 times, and implement a one-size-fits-all approach. Parvovirus can cause stillbirths, miscarriages, and mummies. All gilts were intramuscularly injected 30 days and 15 days prior to mating. Pseudorabies can cause stillbirths, mummies, miscarriages, and abortions. Each year, boars were vaccinated with 1 pseudorabies vaccine intramuscularly every spring/autumn, 1 vaccinated gilt before mating (30 days) before mating, and 1 sow (30 days) before sow. Blue Ear disease can cause respiratory reproductive system syndrome. Male and female reserve pigs are inoculated 3 times a year, 1 head/head (Boehringer) or follow the instructions (pre-national seedlings). Japanese encephalitis occurs mostly in the fall, or in young sows of one or two births, and is mainly transmitted by mosquito bites. Therefore, the Japanese encephalitis vaccine is injected before the arrival of mosquitoes every year, and subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of one dose/head is performed between April and May. .
For other causes of heat stroke, poisoning and physical damage, do a good job of preventive health care. Selected antibiotics such as florfenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines, and antiviral drugs such as ribavirin, astragalus polysaccharides, Radix Isatidis, and antiprotozoal drugs such as triazolam, benzoincarbazole, and trimethoprim. , and carefully follow the instructions, it is strictly prohibited to use the banned drugs prescribed by the state.
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