1, pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer
Soil organic matter content is the main indicator of orchard fertility, and is also the basic condition for the production of high-quality high-grade bagging apples. In some developed countries, the organic matter content in many orchards is 2.0-6.0%, while in the Jiaodong fruit area, the results are usually 0.6-0.8%. Such orchard soils are easy to compact and have low fertilizer efficiency, making it difficult to produce high-quality fruit. .
Therefore, increasing the use of organic fertilizers in orchards to increase the content of organic matter in the soil is the basic measure for the production of high quality bagging apples. However, bagging apple orchards cannot use raw chicken manure and raw sheep manure and other unfamiliar odor, and must be decomposed. Can be used after being rotted.
2, soil testing formula balanced fertilization
Excessive nitrogen fertilizer, prolonged growth of fruit trees will affect the color of bagging apples, and aggravate the occurrence of bitter pit disease and spot disease.
Excessive potassium, bagging apples will be yellow, pulp flesh, and potassium will antagonize the absorption and utilization of calcium, boron and other elements, will also increase the bitter pit, pox spot disease, affect the quality.
Excessive phosphate fertilizer will cause acidification of the soil. Many trace elements become insoluble and fixed in the soil, while manganese
From the fixed state to the free state, this will affect the balanced absorption and utilization of calcium, boron, zinc, manganese and other elements, causing and aggravating bitter pox, pox, moult crack, rough surface, shrinking fruit, black spot disease. Occurrence of various physiological diseases such as lobular disease, dermatophytosis and so on.
3. Potassium Fertilizer - Potassium chloride and compound fertilizers containing potassium chloride are not promoted
Apple is sensitive to chloride ions and it is a chlorine-free fruit tree. Chloride ion poisons apple trees beyond a certain concentration. Therefore, potassium sulfate or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer must be used for potassium fertilizer.
4. Boron - no longer promote the application of borax, advocate the use of "bearing boron" for soil application and "sorborone" for blade spraying instead of borax
The reason is: borax counterfeit and unqualified products are many, true and false are difficult to distinguish; borax is difficult to dissolve in water inconvenient to use; borax is even if the industrial raw material is qualified, the utilization of boron is also low, and the effect of boron is poor.
"Bo-holding boron" is a special-purpose slow-release boron fertilizer for soil imported from the United States, with a pure boron content of 15% and a long-lasting fertilizer effect. Combined soil base fertilizer, 400 grams per acre mixed; or before germination to flowering, mixed with fine sand or fine soil, under the canopy soil surface spread, 400 grams per acre.
"Sorry boron" for the United States imports of foliar spray boron, can quickly dissolve in cold water, easy to use, quick boron, fast absorption. The world has the highest boron content, up to 20.5%. Before and after the flowering period, the leaves are sprayed 2-3 times and the spray concentration is 2000 times.
5, soil calcium - is the basic measure to solve bitter pit disease and pox spot disease, but does not promote the use of quicklime and strictly prohibit the use of poor quality calcium nitrate
The research results show that 85% of the calcium in the fruit comes from the soil and only 15% of the calcium is obtained from the foliar dressing. Many farmers only rely on calcium spray on the leaves, soil calcium fertilizer is not applied, which is wrong. The combination of calcium supplementation and foliar spray calcium has the best effect, but calcium supplementation in the soil does not promote the use of quicklime and the use of inferior calcium nitrate is strictly prohibited.
The main effect of quicklime is to neutralize acidic soils, and the effect of calcium supplementation is poor. If lime is used improperly, such as digging pits, it is easy to burn roots and cause dead trees.
The sales market for calcium nitrate is chaotic. As a result of testing by the technical department, many calcium nitrates sold on the market are mixtures with high magnesium sulfate or magnesium sulfate content. Magnesium is also one of the essential elements of apple. Magnesium can increase the brightness of the apple and improve the quality. However, if magnesium sulfate is used in excess, magnesium can antagonize the absorption and utilization of potassium and calcium, resulting in yellowing of bagged apples, and poor light quality. Bitter bitter disease and pox spot disease are even more serious.
Soil calcium - promote the use of "green raw shellfish organic calcium fertilizer." "Green raw shellfish organic calcium fertilizer" calcium content of 57%, of which organic calcium content of 25%. Organic calcium is more conducive to root absorption and utilization. According to the calcium deficiency in the orchard, combined with the base fertilizer, 4-5 pounds per plant is used.
The “green raw shellfish organic calcium powder fertilizer†can be mixed with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and other fertilizers with significant synergies. However, calcium nitrate and silicon-calcium fertilizer can only be applied separately, and cannot be mixed with compound fertilizers and other fertilizers.
6, leaf calcium - to grasp the key period of calcium
According to Apple's requirement for calcium, the apple is the best suitable period for adding calcium before and after bagging and before bagging. The calcium should be promptly and completely removed. Most people pay attention to the calcium before bagging, and ignore the calcium after bagging and before harvesting.
Foliar Calcium - Advocates the use of the United States imported "fruit and vegetable calcium fertilizer." The effective ingredient of “fruit and vegetable calcium fertilizer†is calcium mannitol, which is the fifth generation of calcium in the world. Calcium mannitol penetrates the leaves and enters the veins and is transmitted through the phloem to the fruit. It is the only calcium fertilizer that can be transmitted through the phloem, and other calcium fertilizers do not have this effect.
US imports of "fruit calcium fertilizer" pure calcium content of 10%, foliar spray concentration of 1500-2000 times.
7. Zinc supplementation—Advocates the combination of zinc supplementation with dry spraying and zinc supplementation and leaf zinc supplementation before and after flowering.
The combination of zinc supplementation on the ground and zinc supplementation on the tree has the best effect in preventing lobular disease.
Soil zinc supplementation combined with basal fertilizer applied U.S. import "Uni boron zinc." Before germination, the plant was sprayed with “Xinfeng Zinc†1000 times +3% urea solution; the leaves were sprayed with “Xinfeng Zinc†3000 times before flowering; the leaves were sprayed with “Xinfeng Zinc†6000 times. “Suifeng Zinc†is a dedicated zinc supplement leaf fertilizer imported from the United Kingdom, and its pure zinc content is ≥70%, which is the highest zinc content in the world.
8. Basal fertilizer application method—Promoting the use of “dig dipping and deep turning†fertilization, and not advocating ground spreading and shallow fertilization “trench dipping and deep turning†fertilization can moderately cut roots, promote new roots, develop root systems, and build robust trees.
The method of “digging and digging deeper†is as follows: Each year, each tree is symbiotically grooved with 4 trenches, with a ditch depth of 40 cm, a width of 40 cm, and a length of about 1 m (depending on the size of the crown). When digging ditch, if it meets a rough root with a diameter of about 1.5 cm or more, avoid it; if it meets the fine root of 1.5 cm or less, cut it obliquely and cut it horizontally to promote the absorption of small and medium roots! All kinds of fertilizer and soil are mixed and applied in the ditch, and the irrigation water is poured after filling.
9. The application of basal fertilizer promotes the application of autumn—in the early spring, and does not advocate the use of basal fertilizer after germination or flowering and fruit setting.
The basal fertilization is best before and after the fall of mid-September, but the production is often in conflict with the harvesting time, so Shi Ji
Fertilizers can be harvested after bagging apples before freezing or after early spring freezing.
Autumn basal fertilization is better than spring, even if it is in the spring basal fertility is the sooner the better. After harvesting, the basal fertilizer has a long time for nutrient conversion, and it is during the peak period of root growth in autumn that the root breaks up quickly, the new roots regenerate more, and more nutrients accumulate, which can significantly promote the development of the fruit and fruit in the second spring. , increase fruit setting rate and can produce high-grade fruit.
The later the effect of spring-based basal fertilizer is, the worse it is, and it will easily damage a large number of new roots and weaken the tree vigor, and cause secondary growth in summer and autumn, affecting fruit enlargement and flower bud formation.
10, fertilizer must be sufficient
The amount of fertilizer is not enough for you to fool the tree, the tree will fool you - fruit trees do not flower or flower buds, not full, poor quality! For bagging Red Fuji apples, the fertilization amount should be controlled by one-tenth of the output. Experts recommend: For every 100 kilograms of Red Fuji production, use 2-3 kilograms of “green raw shell organic calcium powder fertilizerâ€, 7-8 kilograms of other high-quality organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, and add 400 grams of boron per acre. The total amount of fertilizing fruit trees should reach 10% of the yield. Fertilizer enough, good fertilization, fruit trees can eat saturated food, in order to achieve high yield and quality and high-end!
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