In Shandong and Henan provinces, vegetable growers use winter greenhouses to cultivate wintering pod beans. In October, they are planted on the New Year and get considerable economic benefits. The average output per 667 square meters is more than 5,000 kilograms and the output value is more than 20,000 yuan.
First, choose to broadcast better varieties. In winter greenhouses, it is necessary to select winter pods, pods, beans and pods that are resistant to hypothermia and high resistance to stress, high-yield, and high-quality, and commonly used varieties include purple oil beans, Shuangfeng rack beans, and Wuchang oil beans.豇 28-2, Zhang Tong kidney beans, and general oil beans.
Second, build a greenhouse. The construction of large sheds should be conducted in a place sheltered from the wind, sunny weather, abundant sunshine, high dry terrain, fertile soil, and convenient water sources, avoiding highways and high-voltage lines. Each shed is 50-60 meters long. If it is too long, the film will not be easily stretched and the ventilation will be difficult. The management and transportation will also be inconvenient. The walls of the constructed sheds should be thick, with back walls and gables reaching more than 1 metre. The sheds should be high and the ridges should be up to 3 meters high; the elevation of the backslope face should be as large as 45. The winter light could reach the back wall; From the inside to the outside, it is a plastic film, a greenhouse film, a grasshopper, and a plastic film.
Third, seed processing. Carefully select seeds before sowing, remove pod seeds, undeveloped, and insect-infested seeds, diseased seeds, or germinated seeds, and strive for seeding. To prevent seed infection, soaking with 100% solution of 100% formaldehyde for 1 hour before sowing, then rinse with fresh water. Pour warm water of about 50°C into clean tile pots, pour seeds of beans, and continue stirring until the water temperature drops to 35-37°C. Soak for 6 hours. After washing, wash the seeds with clean water and put them on the pots. Cover them with a damp towel and put them on a 25-30°C incubator or a hot pot. During germination, wash seeds once daily with clean water.
Fourth, fine sowing. Sowing in mid-October, seedling age 25-30 days, culture soil should be prepared according to the proportion of human excrement, horse dung, vegetable garden soil 2:4:4 ratio, and use thiophanate-methyl disinfectant. Many seedlings are transplanted using small plastic bags and paper tubes (paper baskets) to raise seedlings. It is also possible to use 55 cm nutritious soil cubes to raise seedlings, with 3-4 seeds per hole, irrigating the water, and paying attention to heat preservation and control. During operation, note that the radicles are downward and the cotyledons are upward. After sowing, cover 2 cm thick screened fine wet soil. It is about 35°C during the day and about 18-20°C at night. The suitable soil temperature is 18-22°C, and the relative humidity is 80%-90%. After emergence, gradually reduce the temperature to prevent seedlings from becoming long. Generally, the daytime air temperature is controlled at about 25°C and about 15°C at night; the temperature should be lowered appropriately during the first 10 days of planting in order to train the seedlings. In the first 4 days, it is maintained at 15-20°C during the day, 10-15°C at night, 15-20°C during the following 4 days, and 8-12°C during the night. The seedling age is generally 20-25 days.
Fifth, fertilize the whole body. Before the planting of green beans, 667 square meters of high-quality organic fertilizer 5000-5500 kg, 60 kg of superphosphate or 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 60-100 kg of plant ash, or 15-25 kg of potash, 35 kg of compound fertilizer, should be applied to the greenhouse. 30-35 centimeters (thick soil with deep soil), after the flattening, the height of the ridge is 50-60 centimeters, the ridge height is 10-15 centimeters, and the width is 30 centimeters.
Sixth, planting film. Select the sunny morning planting, planting method using the pit hole planting, pit depth of about 8 cm, when planting should choose a strong, whole seedling seedlings, with large earthworms move seedlings, root damage as little as possible. The bandits should be level with the sorghum and watered after covering the soil. General 667 square meters planted 4500-5000 points, 2-3 per hole, a single row per ridge, using "trench ditch cover" method to cover the film.
Seven, regulate temperature. Within 2-3 days after planting, the greenhouse was sealed and the temperature of the greenhouse was maintained at 30-32°C during the day and 20°C at night. After the seedlings are moderately cooled, the seedlings are cooled at 20-25°C during the day and 12-15°C at night. After 5-7 days, the temperature of the shed is gradually increased. The temperature is 25-28°C during the day and 15-20°C at night. After flowering, it is necessary to prevent the high temperature above 30°C during the day and hang the insulation curtain at night to keep the temperature of the shelf above 15°C. The insulation screen is preferably made of non-woven fabric.
Eight, fertilizer management. After planting until flowering. Without drought or watering, start watering from the scab, once every 15-20 days, watering should be selected sunny morning, furrow irrigation under the membrane. After each watering, the air should be released and combined with watering to recover 2 times of fat. Each application of compound fertilizer 10-20 kg, spraying 0.20% -0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at full bloom. During the scarring period, carbon dioxide fertilization can be performed at 8-9 a.m. in the sunny days.
Nine, weeding and weeding. After watering the seedlings and easing the seedlings, the seedlings are cultivated and the temperature is raised to ensure the development of the roots and control of the stems and leaves. Before cultivating, cultivating tillage 2-3 times, remove weeds in time after plugging.
Ten, insert rack topping. After the beans are thrown into the vine, they can be used to remove all the lice that are below the first spike. When the main vine climbs to the top of the rack, it will be picked up and the later side branches will be plucked. In the main vine, in the upper part of the leaf buds mixed buds next to the flower buds, the timely removal of the buds from the shoot buds destroyed, if no buds, only the buds germinate, leaving only 1-2 leaves topping.
Eleven, prevention and treatment of pests. There are fewer pests and diseases in the beans, and common diseases include gray mold and powdery mildew. Control methods can be taken under the film dark irrigation, ventilation, humidity, smoke and other measures to prevent. During the onset of the disease prevention and control measures are 25% Triadimefon 2000-3000 times, 50% Versatrol EC 800-1000 times, 2.5% Bodhisattva 4000 times, 75% Chlorothrolon 600-800 times. Liquid, spray 1 to 5-7 days, even spray 3-4 times. For spider mites and aphids, 2.5% can kill 3000 times enemy liquid, spray 7-8 days, and spray 2-3 times. However, it should be used as little or as little as possible.
Twelve, scientific harvest. The market can be harvested before the new year, and timely harvesting should be carried out to prevent premature senescence. Normally, it can be harvested 13-16 days after flowering, and generally harvested once in 3-4 days. The harvest time is preferably in the afternoon. When harvesting, it is necessary to protect the leaves and buds of the vine so as not to affect the yield in the later period. In order to adapt to the market supply, in the middle and later stages of harvesting, the temperature in the shed can be appropriately lowered to allow the beans to grow slowly to extend the harvest supply period.
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