Chinese cabbage cultivation techniques
1 Variety selection
There are many varieties of Chinese cabbage, such as early-maturing No. 5, improved No. 3, Qingza No. 1, Qinghua No. 1, 87-114, and No. 1 Degao. The early maturing Chinese cabbage varieties include Spring Early Spring, Spring Cui, Korean Cabbage, Heat Resistant Hundred 45, Four Seasons Wang Cabbage, Spring and Autumn Period 54, Korean Quick Cabbage, Small Hybrids 55 and 56 and Lubai No. 1, Early Morning, etc. There are Lubai No. 2, Liaofeng, etc.; middle and late-maturing varieties are Walnut, No. 1, No. 3, No. 3, Jincai No. 2, Yuqing, Hemp, and Baotou. Appropriate varieties should be selected according to need. The seeding rate is about 1.5 kg/hm2. Of course, how to cultivate color cabbage can be seen here.
2 Seedbed preparation
Due to the short period of cabbage seedlings growing and the fast growing, cabbage seedlings are often used. For each planting of 1 hm2 of production field, 450 m2 of seedlings shall be used. The sorghum can be produced in the production field in the field, and 750 kg of decomposed manure, 15 kg of superphosphate, and 7.5 kg of urea can be applied within a 450 m2 seedling pot, and then some fine sand or ash is added. After evenly spreading the fertilizer, plowing the vegetable field is 15 cm deep, and the sorghum surface made after the screeding should be about 10 cm higher than the ground in order to prevent the accumulation of stagnant water.
3 Sowing seedlings
Cabbage is generally planted 5 to 7 days before the start of autumn, such as direct seedlings in open field need to be 5 to 6 days earlier. Gently press the bed surface before sowing, and draw a shallow ditch with a depth of 1 cm along a 10 cm row. Seed is evenly sowed in the ditch, then the cover soil is evenly covered to keep the soil moist. After 3 to 4 days, the seedlings can emerge. It is also possible to pour bottom water before sowing. After the water has penetrated, sow the seeds and then cover with 1 cm thick fine soil to keep the soil moist (usually water can be sprayed). After 3 to 4 days, the seedlings can emerge. In order to prevent exposure and heavy rain, shade and rain measures should be taken. For example, plastic sheds and shade nets are used. In order to treat locusts, it is best to cover the shade of silver shaded nets. It was found that the surface of the earth was cracked, and it was necessary to spray water to cool and keep it moist. When the seedlings grow to two true leaves, the first seedlings are planted with a spacing of 3 to 4 cm. When the seedlings grow to 3 to 4 true leaves, the second time the seedlings are planted, and the spacing is about 10 cm. At the same time, we should cultivate and weed, and use seedlings to promote roots and timely control pests. When the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, they can be seeded or planted. The criteria for strong seedlings are as follows: Plant height 10-15 cm, dark green leaves, 5-6 blades of green and well-proportioned, well-developed root system, no pests, no mechanical damage, and no mixture of varieties.
4 site preparation
The first crop of Chinese cabbage should be onions, garlic, and beans. It is better not to use cruciferous vegetables as a forehead. Before planting or planting, Daejeon applied high-quality coarse fat 75 t/hm2, phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 450 kg/hm2, and after plowing, the fertilizer was plowed and planted to a depth of 20 cm. Then the ridges were formed, with a ridge distance of 60 cm and a ridge height of 20 cm. And flatten the ridge back to prepare for planting or direct sowing.
5 Colonization
Autumn cabbage is generally broadcast live in early August, if the seedlings can be sown 5~6 days ahead of schedule. To achieve seedling sowing, live and colonization of the plant site spacing is 40 cm, sowing 3 to 5 seeds per hole, after sowing can be 3 to 4 days after emergence, 7 to 8 days after the thinning [1]. The second seedlings were planted in the four-leaf stage, leaving 2 plants per hole. In the six-to-eight-leaf period (the early period of the mission), the seedlings can be established, leaving 1 seedling per hole. Such as nursery transplanting, planting a seedling per hole, watering after planting, generally 5 to 6 days can be slow seedlings. If there is light rain after transplanting or planting on a cloudy day, then 1 to 2 days, the seedlings will be slowed down. After easing the seedlings, timely cultivating the loose soil in order to promote root growth and seedlings. Into the regimental period, you can apply urea 150 kg/hm2, superphosphate 150 kg/hm2, after sealing the water to promote the group trees, watering to be able to dampen the ridge and back shall prevail, not flood irrigation [2]. After the rain, it must be drained in time.
6 Field Management
The period of 26-28 days in the Chinese cabbage rosette period is the key period for the Chinese cabbage to increase the number of leaves. In the later period, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, especially the soil cannot be arid. After 35 to 45 days of the ball period, it is the peak of water and fertilizer. From the beginning of the convulsive period, it is necessary to top up the heart rate of the irrigation, and urea 225 kg/hm2 or human excreta 15 t/hm2 can be applied. In the early stage, the ball should be followed up with ball fertilizer, which can apply urea 225 kg/hm2. At the same time, the fertilizer should be applied to foliar spray. For example, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea can be sprayed to promote the heart of Chinese cabbage. In order to prevent dry heartburn, in addition to increasing nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, 0.7% calcium chloride should also be sprayed during the rosette period and the filling period [3]. When working in the field, do not damage the leaves. Do not damage the roots during cultivating. When flooding, do not flood with water to prevent soft rot. Before the frost falls, you can manually tie the vegetables to help the heart. The harvest period is generally mid-to-late November. When the temperature is below 5 °C, it should be harvested in time to prevent frost.
7 Pest Control
The major pests and diseases of Chinese cabbage are downy mildew, black spot, anthracnose, leaf rot, clubroot, soft rot, keratoderma, viral disease, heartburn, cabbage worm, cotton bollworm, aphids, and ticks. Underground pests such as crickets and crickets [5]. Disease prevention and control, the implementation of rotation, the selection of disease-resistant varieties, prevention of downy mildew, black spot can choose Jinqing No. 9 and Jincai No. 3; seed treatment before sowing, soaking with 50 °C warm water for 20 min, with dry seed weight 0.2% of acetaminophen wettable powder or seed dressing with 0.2% metalaxyl wettable powder with seed weight of 0.3%. The control of downy mildew can spray 95% mildewin 500 times. Control black spot can spray 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times. The control of anthrax can be sprayed with 80% anthraquinone omeprazole WP 800 times. Prevention of leaf rot can spray 14% chromium copper water agent 350 times. Prevention and treatment of keratoses can be treated with 40% pentachloronitrobenzene powder 500 times solution, or 72% agricultural streptomycin 3 000 times. Prevention of soft rot disease can be used seed dressing weight of 1.5% of the anti-Zhan 751 seed dressing. Prevention of virus disease can be sprayed with 1.5% of plant disease and disease emulsion 1000 times. Prevention of heart disease can be sprayed with 0.7% calcium chloride and 50 mg/kg naphthalene acetate mixture. Insect pests are mainly treated with stomach agents or systemic compounds. The control of cabbage caterpillar can be used 500 times liquid or 25% Kung Fu EC 5 000 times liquid, can both the cotton bollworm, aphids, but also the application of dimethoate, trichlorfon prevention and control; application of baits, toxic soil to control underground pests.
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