Since 2017, more than 10 provinces including Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Shandong have reported cases of H7N9 bird flu. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention pointed out: “Successive reporters have been infected with H7N9 avian influenza in recent years in some parts of China. The number of reported cases and the spread of the epidemic have been higher than those of previous years.†The data show that since October 2016, China has entered New people are infected with the bird flu epidemic season, especially since December, and there have been noticeable increases in the number of H7N9 bird flu cases reported by people in some areas. In December 2016, there were 106 cases of H7N9 bird flu in China and 20 people died. In December, the number of people infected in December increased by 100 compared with November. The increase in the outbreak was earlier than in previous years, and the rate of increase in some areas was higher than that in the same period of previous years.
Shu Yuelong, director of the National Center for Influenza at the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, warned that all localities in China should strengthen the public health education based on the characteristics of the local epidemic and the current status of live poultry circulation management. Under the guidance of authorities and experts, they should maintain a healthy attitude and do not listen to rumours.
Correct understanding of H7N9 bird flu
Bird flu is an acute infectious disease caused by a variant subtype of influenza A virus (also known as bird flu virus), which was designated by the OIE as a Class A infectious disease. One of the important features of the Influenza A virus is that it is relatively prone to mutation. Therefore, close monitoring of possible changes in the H7N9 virus is one of the key aspects of prevention and control.
Human infection with H7N9 avian influenza is a respiratory infectious disease caused by the H7N9 virus. The main source of infection is chickens, ducks and other birds carrying the H7N9 virus and their contaminated objects and environment. H7N9 can spread to people through the respiratory tract or in close contact with the virus-infected secretions, excretions, and water. The incubation period of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza is generally about 7 days. Patients generally present with flu-like symptoms such as fever (body temperature above 38°C), cough, and less phlegm, which can be accompanied by headache, muscle aches, and general malaise. Severe patients develop rapidly and can present with severe pneumonia. However, there is no evidence that H7N9 has sustained human-to-human transmission. There is no need for the public to panic.
According to the risk assessment of the China CDC, the overall characteristics of the H7N9 epidemic did not change, that is, the pathogenicity and transmission of the H7N9 virus were not changed. In addition, the characteristics of the reported cases and the infection patterns did not change significantly. At present, the live poultry market is still the main source of exposure for cases. Therefore, the live poultry market is currently the most important and effective measure to prevent and control bird flu infection.
Shuyue Long said that the H7N9 flu does not show a pandemic. However, in the recent period, the outbreak of H7N9 in the mainland of China is still spreading, and it is not ruled out that cases continue to occur in some parts of the south.
People infected with bird flu treatment plan
Recently, the General Office of the National Health and Family Planning Commission issued a notice on the medical treatment of human infection with H7N9 bird flu. At the same time, the "Human infection H7N9 bird flu diagnosis and treatment plan (1st edition 2017)" was issued. The "Programme" emphasizes that early detection, early reporting, early diagnosis and early treatment, and strengthening treatment of severe cases. Equal emphasis on Chinese and Western medicine is the key to effective prevention and control, improvement of cure rate and reduction of mortality. The notification requested to increase the vigilance of suspected cases, to detect the samples collected before the antiviral treatment of influenza-like cases, and to conduct antiviral treatment as soon as possible.
The "Programme" pointed out that at present, most of H7N9 are sporadic cases, there are several cases of family cluster disease, there is no evidence of continuous interpersonal transmission, and we should be alert to the occurrence of nosocomial infections.
The "Programme" also pointed out that the suspected cases of H7N9 and confirmed cases should be treated as soon as possible. In the implementation of symptomatic treatment, according to the degree of oxygen deficiency of the patient, nasal catheters, nasal high-flow oxygen therapy, open masks, and oxygen masks may be used for oxygen therapy. Hyperthermia can be physical cooling or application of antipyretic drugs; patients with severe cough and cough can be given cough expectorant drugs; patients suspected of being infected with H7N9 should use anti-influenza virus drugs as soon as possible, without waiting for etiological test results.
The notification requires that all localities should do a good job in the preparation and deployment of medical resources such as beds, medical equipment and facilities, anti-viral drugs and protective articles in their own jurisdictions, so as to increase awareness of the "four early" and adhere to the "four-concentration" principle. The training of medical personnel should be strengthened, with emphasis on the training of medical personnel in designated hospitals and county-level hospitals related to diagnostic treatment, disinfection and isolation, and personal protection, and at the same time, further strengthen hospital infection management.
Some precautions in daily life
1. To reduce unnecessary contact with livestock as far as possible, with special attention to avoid contact with dead animals and livestock, and to purchase fresh, live, frozen poultry and livestock products without quarantine certificates.
2. Raw poultry, meat, and eggs must be thoroughly cooked and cooked, and it is safe to eat normally processed and cooked meat. In the process of food processing and consumption, it is imperative to separate raw and cooked food to avoid cross-contamination.
3. To maintain good personal hygiene habits. When coughing or sneezing, cover your nose and mouth with masks, tissues, sleeves, and elbows. Dispose of used tissues as soon as possible after use. Put in a covered litter box and take hand hygiene measures when you come in contact with respiratory secretions. Do a good job in hand hygiene, before, during, and after preparing food; before eating; after using the bathroom; handling animal or animal excretions; when hands are dirty; wash hands when taking care of patients at home.
4. If you have fever, cough, sore throat, general malaise and other symptoms, you should wear a mask, if the condition becomes worse, you should promptly go to the hospital.
Relevant persons reminded that the vast majority of H7N9 cases are caused by the purchase of live poultry from mobile vendors, or the exposure of infected poultry and poultry to polyculture. Therefore, direct purchase of live poultry, direct contact with live poultry and slaughter of live poultry should be avoided. Fresh, live and frozen poultry and their products with quarantine certificates must be purchased and eaten. Do not buy live poultry from mobile vendors. Purchasing live poultry and poultry from the live poultry market or mobile vendors. (Source: People's Daily)
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