Nobel Prize winners' new anti-cancer discoveries come onlookers!
November 5, 2018 Source: Health Times Author: Xu Tingting
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Xu Wei Erya, the goddess of health in ancient Greek mythology, collects spring water from rocks and quenches thirst for sick girls. This is a moving picture of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In addition, there is a Latin spell: new discoveries make life better. In 1970, humans discovered cancer. Today, decades have passed, and cancer remains a problem to be solved. Immunotherapy, gene sequencing, stem cells... New cancer treatment research is trying to overcome cancer problems. A number of Nobel laureates also shared their new anti-cancer findings with the Health Times reporter at the 2018 Nobel Laureate Summit.
Is immunotherapy a "medicine"?
Helping to kill cancer cells, standardization is still a problem
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology awarded cancer immunotherapy. Research on immunotherapy has been a new way of cancer treatment that is generally favored by Nobel Prize winners, and is also a hot topic in the field of cancer treatment.
"Simply speaking, targeted therapy is to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy is based on targeted therapy to help patients kill cancer cells. The two together add up to the righteousness and exorcism in China's Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic." Peter Agre, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, said in an interview with the Health Times.
In order to avoid the killing of human immunity, tumor cells produce a protein called "PD-L1" on their surface. This protein binds to the PD-1 protein on the surface of immune cells, which causes the illusion of the body's immune system, allowing it to pass through the tumor cells and allow them to breed wildly.
Nowadays, clinical trials on more than ten malignant tumor immunotherapy drugs for lung cancer and liver cancer have been successful. In August 2018, immunotherapy drugs represented by Keytrada (K medicine) and Bristol-Myce Opdivo (O medicine) in Merck entered China, and China entered the era of immunotherapy.
"Immunotherapy is not a panacea, nor does it mean that we have completely conquered the tumor." In 2004, Nobel Prize winner Aaron Chehanovo said that when chemotherapy, targeting, and immunotherapy are in front of us. In the end, how to "dispatch the troops" and exert the maximum anti-tumor effect may be a big problem in the future.
Gene sequencing predicts cancer?
Foreign family doctors can measure, tailor-made drugs are the trend
Gene sequencing has been used to detect cancer risk and has become one of the recent hot spots.
"At present, gene sequencing in foreign countries is already a very conventional technology, as long as a family physician can quickly help complete gene sequencing."
For example, Aaron Chehanovo said that in March 2012 and August 2013, the mother and aunt of the famous American movie star Angelina Jolie died of breast and ovarian cancer. So she went to the genetic sequencing, and found that the possibility of breast cancer and ovarian cancer is as high as 70% to 80%, so she prophylactically removed her breast and ovaries, causing public concern about genetic testing for cancer.
However, targeted drugs also have limitations, and seemingly the same disease may have different therapeutic effects for different patients. Aaron Chehanovo said that a follow-up study of patients with breast cancer showed that after several years of using the same drug, some patients died or their condition did not improve significantly, while the other group's condition improved, and some even cure. Therefore, we need to look at the difference between the DNA of two people with the same disease, genetic screening for diseases, you will know which drugs can really prescribe the right medicine.
Aaron Chehanovo introduced, but many diseases are often caused by multiple genes, and some malignant tumors are often unstable, and personalized medicine is still a long way.
Stem cells into a therapeutic breakthrough?
Probable for clinical use, compliance with regulations and ethics
In 2012, John Gordon, a scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for Clone Sheep, was called the "father of pluripotent stem cells."
For the study of the principle used in the treatment of cancer in recent years, John Gordon believes that stem cell therapy is likely to be used for clinical treatment in the future, but the treatment is still a long way to go.
As early as the 1960s, John Gordon discovered that the nucleus of a frog's intestinal cells was transferred to its oocytes, and eventually some of these cells developed into small mites. After years of development, people have tried to apply stem cell technology to the treatment of diseases such as cancer. John Gordon, for example, says that leukemia can kill cancer cells by radiotherapy, but it also needs to replenish healthy cells. This is the principle of stem cell replacement therapy.
According to John Gordon, stem cell transplantation therapy is currently only in the clinical trial stage on a global scale. Under the premise that a regulatory agency is required to approve this type of treatment, in a qualified medical institution, the patient can sign an informed consent form in order to conduct relevant clinical trials.
In China, the former National Health and Family Planning Commission issued the “Methods for the Management of Stem Cell Clinical Research (Trial)â€, which requires that there should be conditions such as a tertiary hospital with a corresponding medical and clinical research related to stem cell clinical research, in order to carry out stem cell clinical research.
In his view, strict rules do not represent the prospect of stem cells not developing in the future. "When I first came to China in the 1980s, the first Chinese vocabulary for the development of stem cells was not. When I hope to come back to China, the answer is yes." John Gordon said.
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