China's common carps are black plover, spotted pupa, and lunar pupa. The body size of the lunar crucian carp is the smallest, and the fry which was bred in the spring of that year is raised to about 150 g at the end of the year. Moonspot contains high protein, tender meat, delicious taste, high nutritional value and medicinal value, and is regarded as a high-end healthcare nutrient food and popular market. According to the county's many years of farming experience, we now introduce the following aspects of the culture technology of Yueshao:
I. Selection and construction of fish ponds
The fish pond should be selected where the water source is sufficient, the water quality is good, and drainage and irrigation are convenient. Ponds, concrete pools, pit boxes, rice fields, rice fields, cages, etc. can all be farmed, but ponds are preferred. Because the moon is dark and dark, the bottom of the pool should be tiled or bamboo for fish to inhabit. Intake and drainage ports should be used for catching fish and the pool base should be surrounded with a polyethylene net sheet with a height of 50 cm or more to prevent enemy invasion or fish escape.
Second, seed stocking
The stocked moon carp seedlings are required to be disease-free, injury-free, robust, and of uniform specifications. The fry with a body length of 5 cm or less is first placed in a cement pond with an area of ​​10 square meters or less and a water depth of 20-50 cm. A 2000-50O0 fry of 2 cm long fry can be placed per square meter. When the fry grows to a body length of 5 cm or more, it can be transferred to a large pond and stocked with 20 to 50 tails per square meter, up to 100 tall.
Third, feeding and feeding
Yuesao is a typical carnivorous fish. It prefers to eat animal feed. During the fry stage (below 4 cm in body length), it is mainly fed with leeches, artemia and leeches. It can also be fed with meat quails and egg yolks. As the long-term feeding of fish also changes, animal and plant feeds can be eaten, but animal feed is still preferred. Animal feeds include: cockroaches, fly pupae, yellow mealworms, snail meat, cocoons, fish and shrimp, livestock and meat and other internal organs. In the absence of animal feed, they also eat plant feeds such as corn flour, peanut flour, bean dregs, rice, and noodles. Under artificial rearing conditions, especially when large-scale farming is carried out, it is particularly important to use artificial compound feeds to keep the new moons. The fish seedlings are fed with powdered compound feed (preferably crushed by a micro-grinding machine and highly viscous feed) and the crude protein content is required to be 40-45%. After being grown to 10 cm, the pelleted feed is transferred to the formed pellet feed. Crude protein The content is 38-42%. No matter what kind of feed you feed, you have to do regular, quantitative, qualitative, and position feeding, and set the food table in the pool. Daily feeding should be determined according to the water temperature, weather changes and the fish's feeding conditions. It is generally 3 to 10% of the fish's body weight. It is fed twice a day, once at 8-9 in the morning and once at about 6 in the afternoon. The amount of feed should be appropriate, and the amount of fish should be sufficient to prevent the remaining feed from contaminating the water quality.
IV. Water Quality Management
During the cultivation period, the water quality should be kept clean, and new water should be changed regularly. The amount of water exchanged should be at most half of the pool water, and the dirt and residue should be drained in time. The water hyacinth should be planted in the pond, which accounts for about half of the surface of the water. At the same time, the water hyacinth should be fixed in a certain position with a bamboo rod, a wooden strip or a rope. During the hot season, pool water should be properly deepened. Cement pool surface is best to install pergola or shading with black shading mesh.
Fifth, fish disease prevention
In the wild state, the moonfly is rarely sick, but under artificial breeding conditions, pathogens can easily spread between the moons. Once the disease occurs, it can easily cause a large number of deaths. Therefore, the artificial culture of the moon must pay attention to the prevention and treatment of diseases, adhere to the prevention of prevention and control combined.
(a) Comprehensive preventive measures
I. Thorough clearing disinfection
First clear the fish pond silt and sterilize 190-120 kg of fresh lime per acre pond 7-8 days before the species pool, or sterilize 10-15 grams per cubic meter of water body in 4-5 days before entering the pool. .
2, do a good job of "four eliminations"
(l) Disinfection of fish. When stocking fish, they must be disinfected first. It can be bathed with 3% saline for 3-5 minutes or 15-2Oppm potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes. Bathing time should be based on the degree of patience of the fish.
(2) Tool disinfection. The method is to expose to the sun for one day. It can also be disinfected with drugs, such as using 50ppm of potassium permanganate or 200ppm bleach or quicklime for 5 minutes before use.
(3) feed disinfection. Fresh feed is rinsed first, then soaked with 50ppM potassium permanganate or]00-200ppm bleach for 5 minutes, or soaked in 20-20Oppm chlorine dioxide solution for 10-20 minutes, or 0.01 -0.1ppm chlorine dioxide solution feeds the feed organisms for 8 hours to 3 days before feeding the fish.
(4) Disinfection of food premises. In the fish disease epidemic season, every 7 to 15 days, after the fish eats, 250 grams of bleaching powder or 1000 grams of quicklime plus a suitable amount of water-soluble and splashed in the vicinity of the food market.
3, strengthen water quality management
During the cultivation process, the water quality should be constantly observed, the water should be replaced in time, or micro-flowing water should be used to maintain good water quality and prevent deterioration of water quality.
4, do a good job of drug prevention
In the season of fish disease, the use of drugs to sprinkling and feeding medicine bait, both internal and external, to control the occurrence of fish disease. One or two times per month, chlorine dioxide or lime or strong chlorine or bleach or copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture, the amount of 5PPM, 20PPM, 0.3PPM, lPPM, 0.5 and 0.2PPM. Bactericides and insecticides are used interchangeably. Drug baits are given at the same time as the drugs are spilled. Baits are generally fed with antibiotics, sulfonamides, furans, and feed, and fed for 3-7 days.
5, to avoid damage to the fish
Fish body damage is easy to infect disease, so during the process of catching, transporting and transferring to fish ponds, strict operating procedures are used, careful and careful, to avoid damaging the fish body to prevent infection.
(b) Prevention and treatment of common diseases
l, dizziness,
(1) Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, diseased fish stopped eating, and their body color was darkened and clustered in the pool corner. When he is severe, he swims in the water, and when he is struggling or spinning, he sinks to death at the bottom of the pool. This pathogen is not yet clear.
(2) Hazard and epidemic situation: The disease is more common in the fry of the year before the body length of 4 cm, the epidemic season is from March to July, and the pandemic from April to May. The disease has a rapid onset, rapid infection, morbidity and mortality of more than 90%, and it is the most dangerous fulminant fish disease in the period of the onset of the moon.
(3) Control methods: There is no treatment at present. The following preventive measures are mainly used:
A, fish farming facilities and tools must be strictly disinfected. Live feeds fed are also sterilized before feeding. Do not ship fish eggs and fry from diseased farms"
B, when changing the water, the water injection should not be too urgent; the temperature difference between the water temperature must not exceed 2 °C. Every time you change the water, you should splash chlorine dioxide in time to make the water into 5PPM. Or 0.4PPM of furazolidone Quanchiposa. Or use calcined water to sprinkling so that the pH of the pool water is 7-8.
2, rotten meat disease
(1) Symptoms: The body surface is hyperembroidous, scales fall off, and later the dermis develops an ulcer. The ulcer begins to appear red, and later the necrosis turns white. In severe cases, it can rot to the muscles or bones, and the tail can rot and rot. Body surface can occur everywhere, in severe cases throughout the body.
(2) Hazard and epidemic situation: This disease is more common in fingerlings and adult fishes with a body length of 4 cm or more and can occur throughout the year. After the onset of self-infectious, its cross-infection is also more serious. The disease is rapidly infected. If the mortality rate is not more than 50% in time, it is called "red plague". In adverse conditions such as fish body damage, high culture density, deterioration of water quality, or large changes in water temperature
May cause the disease.
(3) Control methods:
A, to a 5 - 10PPM chlorine dioxide or 0.3PPM poisoning water after Quanchiposa, if the condition is serious, spilled again every two days. When water quality deteriorates, 10 PPM of water can be added.
B, Quanchiposa furazolidone to make the pool water into a concentration of 0.5 lPPM.
3, trichodiasis
(l) Symptoms: After the diseased fish are heavily parasitized by trichomonads, they do not eat, and their body color becomes black and thin, mucus increases, and a white film forms on the body surface. He walks alone in the pool, rotates frequently, and eventually dies due to exhaustion. It is harmful to the scorpion species. The pathogen is invisible to the naked eye and microscopic examination is very obvious.
(2) Control methods:
A, with 0.7PPM copper sulfate Quanchiposa.
B, with 0.5PPM copper sulfate and 0.2PPM ferrous sulfate mixture pool
Spilled.
C. Sprinkle the juice with the bitter buckwheat leaves, so that the pool water into a concentration of 30-45PPA.
4, Edwards disease
(l) Symptoms: The diseased fish has a dark body, a swollen abdomen, and there is no wound on the body surface and sometimes the anus is red and swollen. Anatomy shows that the kidneys are congested, swollen, ulcerated, and the stench out of the abdomen is shed. The fish in the disease pool is clustered at the pool corner.
(2) Hazard and epidemic situation: The epidemic season of the disease is generally from May to September. The onset water temperature is 15-40°C, and the optimum water temperature is 25-30°C. More common in the fry fish stage. Diseased fish mortality is 30-60%. Long-term feeding of fish ponds is prone to this disease.
(3) Control methods:
A, use 0.3PPM Baidujing or 2-5PPM, or 10-20PPM chloramphenicol or 0.2-O. 5PPM furazolidone pool drained. When the condition is serious, you can splash it for 2 days.
B. Add 30-50 grams of chloramphenicol per kilogram of fish to the bait every day for 5 days.
c. Add 2-3 grams of norfloxacin and 20 grams of photosynthetic bacteria per kilogram of bait and feed them for 5-7 days.
I. Selection and construction of fish ponds
The fish pond should be selected where the water source is sufficient, the water quality is good, and drainage and irrigation are convenient. Ponds, concrete pools, pit boxes, rice fields, rice fields, cages, etc. can all be farmed, but ponds are preferred. Because the moon is dark and dark, the bottom of the pool should be tiled or bamboo for fish to inhabit. Intake and drainage ports should be used for catching fish and the pool base should be surrounded with a polyethylene net sheet with a height of 50 cm or more to prevent enemy invasion or fish escape.
Second, seed stocking
The stocked moon carp seedlings are required to be disease-free, injury-free, robust, and of uniform specifications. The fry with a body length of 5 cm or less is first placed in a cement pond with an area of ​​10 square meters or less and a water depth of 20-50 cm. A 2000-50O0 fry of 2 cm long fry can be placed per square meter. When the fry grows to a body length of 5 cm or more, it can be transferred to a large pond and stocked with 20 to 50 tails per square meter, up to 100 tall.
Third, feeding and feeding
Yuesao is a typical carnivorous fish. It prefers to eat animal feed. During the fry stage (below 4 cm in body length), it is mainly fed with leeches, artemia and leeches. It can also be fed with meat quails and egg yolks. As the long-term feeding of fish also changes, animal and plant feeds can be eaten, but animal feed is still preferred. Animal feeds include: cockroaches, fly pupae, yellow mealworms, snail meat, cocoons, fish and shrimp, livestock and meat and other internal organs. In the absence of animal feed, they also eat plant feeds such as corn flour, peanut flour, bean dregs, rice, and noodles. Under artificial rearing conditions, especially when large-scale farming is carried out, it is particularly important to use artificial compound feeds to keep the new moons. The fish seedlings are fed with powdered compound feed (preferably crushed by a micro-grinding machine and highly viscous feed) and the crude protein content is required to be 40-45%. After being grown to 10 cm, the pelleted feed is transferred to the formed pellet feed. Crude protein The content is 38-42%. No matter what kind of feed you feed, you have to do regular, quantitative, qualitative, and position feeding, and set the food table in the pool. Daily feeding should be determined according to the water temperature, weather changes and the fish's feeding conditions. It is generally 3 to 10% of the fish's body weight. It is fed twice a day, once at 8-9 in the morning and once at about 6 in the afternoon. The amount of feed should be appropriate, and the amount of fish should be sufficient to prevent the remaining feed from contaminating the water quality.
IV. Water Quality Management
During the cultivation period, the water quality should be kept clean, and new water should be changed regularly. The amount of water exchanged should be at most half of the pool water, and the dirt and residue should be drained in time. The water hyacinth should be planted in the pond, which accounts for about half of the surface of the water. At the same time, the water hyacinth should be fixed in a certain position with a bamboo rod, a wooden strip or a rope. During the hot season, pool water should be properly deepened. Cement pool surface is best to install pergola or shading with black shading mesh.
Fifth, fish disease prevention
In the wild state, the moonfly is rarely sick, but under artificial breeding conditions, pathogens can easily spread between the moons. Once the disease occurs, it can easily cause a large number of deaths. Therefore, the artificial culture of the moon must pay attention to the prevention and treatment of diseases, adhere to the prevention of prevention and control combined.
(a) Comprehensive preventive measures
I. Thorough clearing disinfection
First clear the fish pond silt and sterilize 190-120 kg of fresh lime per acre pond 7-8 days before the species pool, or sterilize 10-15 grams per cubic meter of water body in 4-5 days before entering the pool. .
2, do a good job of "four eliminations"
(l) Disinfection of fish. When stocking fish, they must be disinfected first. It can be bathed with 3% saline for 3-5 minutes or 15-2Oppm potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes. Bathing time should be based on the degree of patience of the fish.
(2) Tool disinfection. The method is to expose to the sun for one day. It can also be disinfected with drugs, such as using 50ppm of potassium permanganate or 200ppm bleach or quicklime for 5 minutes before use.
(3) feed disinfection. Fresh feed is rinsed first, then soaked with 50ppM potassium permanganate or]00-200ppm bleach for 5 minutes, or soaked in 20-20Oppm chlorine dioxide solution for 10-20 minutes, or 0.01 -0.1ppm chlorine dioxide solution feeds the feed organisms for 8 hours to 3 days before feeding the fish.
(4) Disinfection of food premises. In the fish disease epidemic season, every 7 to 15 days, after the fish eats, 250 grams of bleaching powder or 1000 grams of quicklime plus a suitable amount of water-soluble and splashed in the vicinity of the food market.
3, strengthen water quality management
During the cultivation process, the water quality should be constantly observed, the water should be replaced in time, or micro-flowing water should be used to maintain good water quality and prevent deterioration of water quality.
4, do a good job of drug prevention
In the season of fish disease, the use of drugs to sprinkling and feeding medicine bait, both internal and external, to control the occurrence of fish disease. One or two times per month, chlorine dioxide or lime or strong chlorine or bleach or copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture, the amount of 5PPM, 20PPM, 0.3PPM, lPPM, 0.5 and 0.2PPM. Bactericides and insecticides are used interchangeably. Drug baits are given at the same time as the drugs are spilled. Baits are generally fed with antibiotics, sulfonamides, furans, and feed, and fed for 3-7 days.
5, to avoid damage to the fish
Fish body damage is easy to infect disease, so during the process of catching, transporting and transferring to fish ponds, strict operating procedures are used, careful and careful, to avoid damaging the fish body to prevent infection.
(b) Prevention and treatment of common diseases
l, dizziness,
(1) Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, diseased fish stopped eating, and their body color was darkened and clustered in the pool corner. When he is severe, he swims in the water, and when he is struggling or spinning, he sinks to death at the bottom of the pool. This pathogen is not yet clear.
(2) Hazard and epidemic situation: The disease is more common in the fry of the year before the body length of 4 cm, the epidemic season is from March to July, and the pandemic from April to May. The disease has a rapid onset, rapid infection, morbidity and mortality of more than 90%, and it is the most dangerous fulminant fish disease in the period of the onset of the moon.
(3) Control methods: There is no treatment at present. The following preventive measures are mainly used:
A, fish farming facilities and tools must be strictly disinfected. Live feeds fed are also sterilized before feeding. Do not ship fish eggs and fry from diseased farms"
B, when changing the water, the water injection should not be too urgent; the temperature difference between the water temperature must not exceed 2 °C. Every time you change the water, you should splash chlorine dioxide in time to make the water into 5PPM. Or 0.4PPM of furazolidone Quanchiposa. Or use calcined water to sprinkling so that the pH of the pool water is 7-8.
2, rotten meat disease
(1) Symptoms: The body surface is hyperembroidous, scales fall off, and later the dermis develops an ulcer. The ulcer begins to appear red, and later the necrosis turns white. In severe cases, it can rot to the muscles or bones, and the tail can rot and rot. Body surface can occur everywhere, in severe cases throughout the body.
(2) Hazard and epidemic situation: This disease is more common in fingerlings and adult fishes with a body length of 4 cm or more and can occur throughout the year. After the onset of self-infectious, its cross-infection is also more serious. The disease is rapidly infected. If the mortality rate is not more than 50% in time, it is called "red plague". In adverse conditions such as fish body damage, high culture density, deterioration of water quality, or large changes in water temperature
May cause the disease.
(3) Control methods:
A, to a 5 - 10PPM chlorine dioxide or 0.3PPM poisoning water after Quanchiposa, if the condition is serious, spilled again every two days. When water quality deteriorates, 10 PPM of water can be added.
B, Quanchiposa furazolidone to make the pool water into a concentration of 0.5 lPPM.
3, trichodiasis
(l) Symptoms: After the diseased fish are heavily parasitized by trichomonads, they do not eat, and their body color becomes black and thin, mucus increases, and a white film forms on the body surface. He walks alone in the pool, rotates frequently, and eventually dies due to exhaustion. It is harmful to the scorpion species. The pathogen is invisible to the naked eye and microscopic examination is very obvious.
(2) Control methods:
A, with 0.7PPM copper sulfate Quanchiposa.
B, with 0.5PPM copper sulfate and 0.2PPM ferrous sulfate mixture pool
Spilled.
C. Sprinkle the juice with the bitter buckwheat leaves, so that the pool water into a concentration of 30-45PPA.
4, Edwards disease
(l) Symptoms: The diseased fish has a dark body, a swollen abdomen, and there is no wound on the body surface and sometimes the anus is red and swollen. Anatomy shows that the kidneys are congested, swollen, ulcerated, and the stench out of the abdomen is shed. The fish in the disease pool is clustered at the pool corner.
(2) Hazard and epidemic situation: The epidemic season of the disease is generally from May to September. The onset water temperature is 15-40°C, and the optimum water temperature is 25-30°C. More common in the fry fish stage. Diseased fish mortality is 30-60%. Long-term feeding of fish ponds is prone to this disease.
(3) Control methods:
A, use 0.3PPM Baidujing or 2-5PPM, or 10-20PPM chloramphenicol or 0.2-O. 5PPM furazolidone pool drained. When the condition is serious, you can splash it for 2 days.
B. Add 30-50 grams of chloramphenicol per kilogram of fish to the bait every day for 5 days.
c. Add 2-3 grams of norfloxacin and 20 grams of photosynthetic bacteria per kilogram of bait and feed them for 5-7 days.
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