With the adjustment of the planting industry structure and the improvement of people's dietary structure, buckwheat and other special crops are favored. In recent years, buckwheat planting in Jiangsu Province is dominated by sweet buckwheat, and has formed a characteristic industry combining traditional and modern fashion.
1. Variety selection Select excellent varieties with high quality, high yield, stable yield, strong resistance and wide adaptability, such as Suqiao No. 1, Su Bucket No. 2, Yubucka No. 4, Fengtian No. 1, Pintian No. 2 etc.
2. Continuous cropping of buckwheat and stubble is preferred. The best crops are beans, peanuts and vegetables, followed by corn. Buckwheat is a straight-root crop, the root system is not very developed, and the buds are soft at the same time, so it is necessary to prepare the ground carefully before sowing to create good environmental conditions for the entire seedling.
3. Choose a sunny day one week before the proper sowing and continue to soak for 2 to 3 days. Deep ploughing 1 day before sowing, ploughing depth 25 ~ 30 cm, border width 3 ~ 5 meters. Establish a good "three ditch" system during land preparation. The best sowing period for autumn buckwheat in Jiangsu Province is between Liqiu and summer, and at the latest until the end of August, to ensure harvesting before frost, the suitable seeding amount per mu is 2 to 3 kg for small-grain varieties, 3 to 4 kg for large-grain varieties, and the density per mu is 40,000 ~80,000 plants, planting depth 3-4 cm.
4. Fertilizer Operation Fertilizer operation should follow the principle of "basic fertilizer is the main, top dressing is the auxiliary, organic fertilizer is the main, inorganic fertilizer is the auxiliary". Combined with deep ploughing and land preparation before sowing, apply 500-1000 kg of rot organic fertilizer and 10-15 kg of superphosphate per mu as base fertilizer, and apply about 2 kg of urea per mu at seedling stage, and about 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu at flowering stage. It is also possible to apply 43 to 20 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer containing sulfur at one time per mu. Top dressing should be carried out in rainy weather. Special attention should be paid to the following two points. One is that excessive nitrogen will cause longevity and cause lodging, especially when grown on paddy fields or soils with sufficient water, it should be appropriately controlled or not applied with nitrogen fertilizer; second, buckwheat is a chlorine-free crop. Potassium generally does not use potassium chloride, and chloride ions often cause leaf spot. In low-lying and rainy places, we must pay attention to timely drainage and waterlogging to ensure that the rain stops the field and dry.
5. Auxiliary pollination sweet buckwheat is an insect-pollinated cross-pollination crop. Putting a box of bees every 2 to 3 acres at the initial flowering stage can increase the yield by more than 80%. Places without bees can use artificially-assisted pollination. Specific practices: choose a sunny day from 9 am to 11 am, and 4 pm to 6 pm in the flowering period. Use a 20-meter-long rope to tie a narrow cloth, two people Pull the two ends of the rope and walk from side to side along the two sides of the ground. When walking back and forth, let the cloth touch the flower part of the buckwheat, make it shake and shake, pollination once every 2 to 3 days, pollination 2 to 3 times Significantly increase production.
Sixth, after planting pests and weeds and preventing and controlling sowing, use 96% Jinduoer (fine metolachlor) emulsifiable concentrate 60-70 ml in water and 60 kg of water per acre before sprouting for soil sealing. Seeding with 50% carbendazim wettable powder of 0.4% seed amount can prevent and control buckwheat diseases; seeding with 1% of 3% phoxim granules 20g, or 10g of imidacloprid suspended seed coating agent of 600g/L + 5 % Chlorantraniliprole suspension 5 ml + water 150 g seed dressing 2.5 kg, to control buckwheat underground pests, you can also use fungicides and insecticides to mix seed.
7. Before harvesting the frost at an appropriate time, when 70% of the whole plant's grains are dark brown, you should seize the time to harvest early and late, and bundle or tie them upright, so that the buckwheat is fully ripe.
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