First, fertilize the fruit tree without pouting
Orchard management is mainly in two main aspects: fertilization and watering. Fertilization and watering are inseparable. After fertilizer is applied to the soil, the nutrient elements cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the fruit trees. The mineral nutrient elements must be converted into ionic state with the participation of water before they can be captured by the root system of the fruit tree, and then transferred to the tree body with the help of power such as transpiration pull and root pressure. . Fertilization without watering is just equivalent to transferring the fertilizer to a place for storage, and it cannot exert its fertilizer effect. After fertilization, the soil moisture content is good and it can dissolve the fertilizer, so it is not necessary to water or shallow water. When it is too dry, water in time after fertilization, so that the fertilizer can be quickly used. In production, most people regard fertilization and watering as two unrelated measures, and the phenomenon of "empty water" is more common. The current best management method is the integration of water and fertilizer.
Second, open the waterway, the branches and leaves, open the light path, the fragrance of flowers and fruits
For fruit planting, if you want to grow trees, you must water more, and if you want results, you must have sufficient sunlight. In the sapling stage, the big fat and big water can produce branches as soon as possible, and more branches will lay a solid foundation for the construction of more fruiting parts; after the fruiting period of the fruit trees, watering should be controlled, otherwise it will increase the vegetative growth and affect the fruit setting rate and yield. . The management of the orchard is exquisite, and an important link must be understood. The yield potential of the orchard depends on the photosynthetic capacity of the fruit tree. The effective photosynthesis area is large, the tree vigorous, and the fruit production is large, which is the basis for the high yield and high quality of the orchard. Light is an important factor to improve fruit quality.
Three, small branches are mostly treasures
There are more big branches and less fruit. The young apple tree should be vigorous, and the new shoots should grow more.
One is that you can choose suitable branches from a large number of branches to cultivate the backbone branches; second, a large number of branches and a large number of leaves can improve the light and ability, and quickly expand the crown; third, you can make full use of auxiliary branches to relax the tree's vigor and promote Its early fruit, early yield. Therefore, in winter pruning, it is necessary to clean up or update the fruit branches in time.
Four, cutting trees is easy and difficult to make decisions
Cutting trees is very mysterious in the eyes of ordinary people, and those who can cut trees are respected as capable people. So, where can a capable person be? In fact, it can be in the decision-making before the scissors.
One is that most people do not judge the tree's power and the branch's power. If you don't know how to judge, you don't know whether to use the combined pruning technique or the split pruning technique.
Second, the pruning response will not be judged. I don’t know where this clip will be redistributed next year, where will grow stronger, and where will weaken.
The third is that they don't understand the underground investment situation in the early stage. It is also a pruning technique. The pruning response of a large investment is different from the pruning response of a small investment.
Fifth, often look at it and often won’t cut the more you can cut it
Fruit tree pruning is undoubtedly a technical job. The technicality is mainly manifested in the fact that the brain is faster than the hand when pruning, and which branch should be cut and which branch should be left must be judged first. I often watch others pruning, and don't judge why it is cut like this. You can only watch it often and never. Only by doing it yourself can you get more accurate and bolder the more you cut.
When pruning, it is necessary to judge the overall tree vigor and the branch vigor of a branch; it is necessary to consider the relationship between adjacent trees and the response after pruning. It is necessary to consider both the regulation of pruning on nutrition and the impact on the quantity and quality of the results. Many fruit growers do not cut the trees by themselves, and are used to spending money to ask others to do it for them. Others pruning fruit trees are not clear about your past and future investment and the type of fertilization, so it is naturally difficult to do well. If you encounter an impatient person, you are afraid of delaying your work, and you will not think about it so much, and the pruning effect will be even worse.
It is also a bar-cutting tree. Why do some trees reflect good pruning, while others are not ideal? The reason is that there is less judgment or wrong judgment. Therefore, we encourage fruit farmers to do their own pruning, and their own orchards know best, pruning judgments are the most accurate, and the chance of mistakes is very small. To learn to prune yourself, you must first understand the basic habits of fruit tree growth and master the basic essentials of pruning.
You can start pruning slowly, think more and do less, and you will gradually become more proficient. In fact, pruning fruit trees is a "rough job." As long as the main contradiction is grasped and solved, the wrong cutting will not bring any serious consequences. There is no need to shy away. Who is hoeing the ground and not getting rid of a few crop seedlings? I often don’t know how to do it, and the more I cut it, the more I can cut it.
Six, light cut is not no cut, heavy cut is not big cut
Pruning fruit trees, different people have different pruning techniques. When evaluating the degree of pruning, some people think it is heavy and some people think it is light. Is it light or heavy? What are the criteria for judging? It cannot be generalized. For example, for a prosperous tree, you should use a lighter approach when you go to the big branches. You can go one or two at a time. Removal of large branches will promote the vigor of the tree. If a large number of small branches are removed, the tree will become more prosperous in the second year, which is difficult to control and affects the formation of flowers.
For a prosperous tree to remove both large and small branches, pruning is heavy; but if the tree is weak, remove one or a few large branches, and at the same time properly remove some of the weak branches and senescent branches, and concentrate the nutrients on the remaining branches, which will promote The tree's vigor is transformed into the mean, then pruning is not too heavy.
Only light cut is not no cut, heavy cut is not big cut, mainly for two extreme behaviors. Some people have serious thoughts about cherishing the branches. When pruning is not based on the tree's vigor, but pruning the flower buds, as long as there are flowers, they can’t do it. As a result, the amount of twigs in the tree is too large. Some people vividly call this "Yes." "Making a fence" is a "magpie's nest". There are also people who are eager to solve the problem of light deterioration, do not judge the pruning response, and blindly pursue the tree shape. They both remove the large branches and prun the branches in a large number. They want to take shape at one time, but the result is backfired. In short, the level of pruning varies from tree to tree. The severity of pruning is based on tree vigor and pruning response as the criterion, with the goal of finally achieving a reasonable amount of branches per mu. The weight of pruning is only relative, not absolute.
Seven, new branches and fruits of new trees, new branches and fruits of old trees
For newly planted young trees, vegetative growth is greater than reproductive growth. The focus of management is to expand the crown as soon as possible, maximize the coverage of the whole garden, cultivate the skeleton, and lay the foundation for cultivating high-yield tree shapes. Apple branches are divided into fruiting branches and developing branches according to their nature. After entering the fruit-bearing period, due to the throwing of the fruiting branch group, especially the consecutive years of fruit stand, the auxiliary shoots form flowers, and the fruit presses the crown, which makes the fruiting branch group droop, the growth potential becomes weak, and the fruiting ability will decrease year by year.
8. Trees full of flowers, half trees, half trees, flowers full of trees and fruits
"A tree full of flowers and half fruit and half a tree full of flowers and fruit" refers to the meaning of more flowers and less fruits, and less flowers and more fruits. This phenomenon has obvious manifestations in most fruit varieties. Since this phenomenon is found in *** fruits, it is not an inherent characteristic of the variety, but a management reason. The direct cause of the phenomenon of "full trees with flowers and half trees and half trees with flowers and fruits" is the problem of nutrient accumulation.
In the one-year physiological cycle of fruit trees, the nutrients consumed during flowering are relatively maximum. During this period, there are no mature leaves on the tree, photosynthesis cannot be carried out, no nutrients can be produced, and all the energy consumed for flowering comes from the accumulation of the previous year. The nutrient content of the whole tree is limited, and the fertility it can bear is also limited. The full bloom of the tree means that a lot of nutrients are consumed. When the nutrients can't support so many "children", the "children" will die because of "lack of milk", leaving only "half tree fruit" in the end. On the contrary, the flowers on the tree bloom less, consume less nutrients, and have a high fruit setting rate. Of course, it will eventually become "full of fruit."
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