Bags of mushrooms common physiological diseases Physiological diseases, also known as non-invasive diseases, is due to inappropriate growth conditions or harmful substances in the environment caused by poor growth phenomenon. Although this disease is not pathogenic and does not infect each other, it will cause major losses once it occurs. The most common physiological diseases of shiitake mushrooms in Suihua, Shaanxi are mycelial desalination, burning of bacteria (boring piles), yellow water in the fungus bar, decay of the mushroom bar and malformed mushrooms. 1 Hyphae desalination 1.1 Symptoms of mycelium growth are sparse, and the fungus is soft and inelastic. 1.2 Etiology 1 Before the sterilization, the culture material has been mildewed. The concentration of antibiotics released by the bacteria is too high or the activity of the bacteria changes the pH of the culture material. 2 The culture material is not suitable, for example, the use of non-degreased coniferous wood chips The resulting high concentrations of oils and terpenes, inhibit the growth of mushroom mycelium; 3 excessive addition of magnesium sulfate and other chemical substances; 4 lack some of the necessary nutrients. 1.3 The prevention of the use of fresh and high-quality culture materials, the use of a reasonable formula, do not arbitrarily add chemical substances; strict sterilization after mixing materials, to prevent yeast fermentation and change the pH of the culture material. 2 Burning bacteria (boring pile) 2.1 Symptoms of the culture materials are fever, acidosis, and death of mycelium. It is easy to occur during the initial stage of germination and during anaerobic puncture. 2.2 Etiology The respiration process of mushroom mycelium consumes oxygen and releases heat. Under the conditions of high density of mycelial rods and poor ventilation, the accumulated heat is released. The temperature of the material rises, and the temperature rise promotes metabolic acceleration. A vicious cycle, puncture oxygenation accelerates this cycle. When the temperature of the material rises above 33°C and the supply of oxygen exceeds demand, the vulnerable strains of yeast strains on the surface or in the interior of the strain will rise to the dominant strain under anaerobic conditions, and the culture material will be fermented and acidified quickly. Silk accelerated death. 2.3 Prevent scattered heaps in time, drain bacteria sticks, puncture holes in batches, and strengthen ventilation. 3 Fungi yellow water 3.1 Symptoms of the tumor can not be normally reduced into bacilli, but dissolved into brownish yellow soy sauce, yellow juice flowing from the table inward rot, and finally the affected parts of mixed bacteria. 3.2 Etiology Mycelial mycelium dissolves into a sauce under adverse environmental conditions such as high temperature or mechanical damage. The moisture and nutrients of yellow juice are beneficial to the breeding of penicillium or bacteria and cause infectious diseases. 3.3 Prevention 1 Select strong resistance varieties such as V26 and V29. 2 bacteria sticks should be stacked in a cool, ventilated place. 3 The puncture oxygen increase temperature is controlled at 20 ~ 25 °C, gently, lightly, gently, to avoid stabbing bacteria. 4 Use a syringe to remove yellow juice and reduce the humidity inside the bag. 5 If the damage is serious, remove the tube bag, remove the humus, soak the fungus rod in a 0.05% solution of fluconazole for 1 minute (minutes), drain it, re-bag it and puncture the hole again. 4 Decay of Fungal Bar 4.1 The fungus was hard, the mycelium inside the fungus stick was short and dull, and the culture material was loose. After the first tidal mushroom, the mycelium could not shrink normally and there was no yield afterwards. This symptom is more likely to occur in shiitake mushroom sticks that are taken out of the bag. 4.2 Etiology Inferior culture materials, poor climate, or poor management cause poor growth of mycelia in the later period, short mycelia, loss of adhesive culture materials, and the ability to kink into bacilli and form primordia. 4.3 Prevention 1 Select strong resistance varieties. 2 Select high-quality culture materials, in particular to insist on using gypsum instead of calcium carbonate, and avoid using inferior bran that is adulterated with calcium carbonate. 3 to strengthen the post-management, bacteria sticks into the shed, in the hot weather also need to strengthen the shade, ventilation and heat, to prevent later burned bacteria. 5 Malformed Mushrooms 5.1 Symptoms Mushrooms are not normal and are mainly characterized by shankless caps, excessively thick mushroom stems or mushroom cap malformations. 5.2 In addition to part of the genetic causes, the false mushroom is mainly formed by the primordium too deep, and large amounts of nutrients are consumed in the growth of the mushroom stalk or the temperature is too high when the bag is removed. The concentration of harmful gases such as CO2 is too high, or the cutting of the bag is not timely, causing mechanical extrusion, which is the main cause of mushroom cap malformation. 5.3 Prevention 1 Selection of strains that have been subjected to strict mushrooming tests to maintain excellent seed quality. 2 The distribution and orientation of mushroom sheds should be fully considered for ventilation, and ventilation and ventilation should be strengthened in management. 3 The first mushroom of the tidal mushroom should be determined according to the water content of the variety and fungus bar. It is easy for the mushroom variety to promote natural mushrooming without the need of prodding. Not easy to mushroom varieties or water shortage of mushroom rods, by soaking the water to soften the bacteria, in order to facilitate the mushroom, rather than water injection method. The mushroom sticks that are not easy to mushroom but contain sufficient water can combine the last puncture with oxygen to achieve the effect of budding. 4 Regular bagging time should be carried out when the temperature is continuous for 3 days (days) below 16°C.
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