1. Seed selection
Choose varieties with strong disease resistance, strong cold resistance, high quality, high yield, storage and transportation resistance, low light resistance and suitable for close planting. Common methods of seed treatment include seed soaking, high temperature disinfection, seed soaking in warm soup, and dry heat treatment. Soak the seeds with a water temperature of 50～52℃, soak the seeds with 0.2%～0.3% potassium permanganate solution, soak the seeds for 20 minutes, remove, rinse and dry; high temperature disinfection is the use of high temperature to treat the seeds to kill pathogenic bacteria attached to the surface of the seeds; warm soup Seed soaking is to soak seeds at a water temperature of 55C for 30 minutes to kill fungi; dry heat treatment refers to dry seeds (with a water content of less than 10%) in a thermostat at 70C for 72 hours.
2. Nursery
Seedling raising facilities: 22-25 mesh insect-proof nets and 65%-75% shading nets should be used for seedling raising in summer and autumn. Seedlings with more than 6 leaves or large seedlings planted with buds should be used for seedling trays with 72 holes or 50 holes. Choose one-time seedling plugs or recyclable plugs, the latter should be disinfected in advance. Substrate preparation: The ratio of the substrate is as follows: peat: vermiculite: perlite=3:1:1. In summer, the amount of perlite should be appropriately reduced. Carbendazim is used for disinfection, adding 100 grams per cubic meter, and adding 1.4 kilograms of compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for seedlings with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 1 kilogram of 20-20-20. The focus of matrix preparation is to mix the ingredients thoroughly. When sowing, the degree of dryness and wetness of the substrate can be kneaded into a ball, and it can be dispersed by loosening it and gently shaking it.
3. Seeding
Plug seedlings have very high requirements on seeds, so it is not suitable to use seeds with low bud rate or seeds with poor vigor. The substrate should be tight enough to load into the plug tray. Too tight will affect the growth of seedlings, and the substrate will sink after watering if it is too loose. The sowing depth is about 1 cm, the substrate is plated and imprinted for sowing, and then the substrate or vermiculite is covered with a thickness of 0.5 to 1 cm. The seeding depth is about 1 cm, and the sprouting chamber is poured thoroughly with water.
4. Seedling management
In summer, the high temperature season is mainly to cool down, especially to prevent the high temperature at night. If the temperature is continuous at night, the moisture can be controlled to prevent excessive growth. Avoid watering in the afternoon and evening in summer, and water in the morning. In winter, the night temperature should be kept at no lower than 14℃, and the temperature should be appropriately heated. Seedlings can be properly cooled and moisture controlled after the three leaves and one heart, and the seedlings can be tempered, but the minimum temperature should not be lower than 10°C. The standard of spring commercial seedlings varies according to the size of the hole in the plug tray. Choose 72-hole seedling trays, with a plant height of 18-20 cm, a stem thickness of 4.5 mm, a leaf area of ​​90-100 square centimeters, and 6-7 true leaves with small buds. , It takes 60 to 65 days for seedling age; summer seedling age takes 20 days, the plant height is 13-15 cm, the stem is 3 mm thick, and the leaf area is 30-35 square centimeters.
5. Preparation before planting
The basal fertilizer must be fully decomposed, and the rapid decomposing method of active bacteria can be used. After pulling the seedlings of the previous crops, the garden should be cleared and the shed should be disinfected in time. The high-temperature stuffy shed method can be used. If the time is tight, it can also be combined with soil preparation and fertilization for soil disinfection. Roasting in the shed should be carried out 15-20 days before planting.
6. Colonization
The ground temperature of 10 cm is stable above 10 ℃, the lowest temperature is above 6 ℃, and stable at 5 to 7 days after planting. The planting density varies according to different seasons, varieties and pruning methods. Single-stem pruning can be planted appropriately, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 30-40 cm. Double-stem pruning should be appropriately thinner. Early-maturing varieties can be planted densely, while mid- and late-maturing varieties can be planted slightly.
7. Production management
Try to ventilate as little as possible within a week after planting to promote slowing of seedlings, but when the temperature exceeds 30℃, ventilate and cool down in time. After the slow seedling, the temperature during the day is 25-30℃, and the temperature should not be lower than 10℃ at night. The first top dressing was carried out in the first ear fruit swelling period, and 10 kg of compound fertilizer was applied per 667 square meters. For the second top dressing, 20 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters during the second to third stage of fruit swelling. Top dressing method can be through hole application or watering in dissolved water. According to the actual dry and wet conditions of the soil, the relative humidity during the day should not exceed 60% and the relative humidity at night should not exceed 80%. After watering the bottom water during planting, water slowly again for 3 to 5 days, and then start watering when the first ear fruit grows to the size of a walnut, and water once every 10 to 15 days to ensure that the soil is evenly moist. See dry and wet in the later stage of growth, and appropriate irrigation. When the plant grows to more than 30 cm, put it up in time and tie the tomato stalks to the bracket. Single-stalk pruning method should be used for pruning. Top in time according to the growth of the plant. When topping, leave 2 leaves on the last ear. When thinning the fruit, there are 3 to 4 large fruits per panicle, and 4 to 6 medium fruits per panicle. When the fruit is half-red ripe, it can be harvested in batches.
8. Pest control
Adopt dust method and smoke method, spray prevention and control in dry and sunny weather, pay attention to alternate medication and use rationally.
Early blight and late blight: after the emergence of the central diseased plant, when the diseased plant rate does not exceed 1%, spray with 5% chlorothalonil dust 1 kg/667 square meters, spray once every 7 days, and spray continuously for 2~3 Or use 45% chlorothalonil aerosol to apply 110-180 grams per 667 square meters, place 5-6 places, light it in the evening and close the shed overnight, smoke once every 7 days, and smoke continuously 3 to 4 times; or use 72 % Cymoxanil·manganese-zinc wettable powder 400-600 times liquid, or 72.2% propamocarb aqua 800 times liquid, once every 7 days, spray 2 to 3 times in a row, close the shed for a short period of time to increase the temperature and inhibit bacteria, the effect better.
Gray mold: apply before pouring the fruit water or after the initial onset, use 65% ethyl mold·thiophanate wettable powder 800 to 1500 times solution, or 40% pyrimethanil suspension 1000 to 1500 times solution, or 50 % Vincenzolide WP 1000 times liquid, or 2% Wuyimycin water liquid 200 times liquid spray, spray once in 5-7 days, depending on the condition, spray 2 to 3 times continuously.
Leaf mold: use 47% spring·king copper wettable powder 800 times solution, or 70% mancozeb wettable powder 400 times solution, or 1:1: (200～250) Bordeaux mixture, or 2% Wuyi mold 200 times liquid spray of plain water, once every 7 days, spray twice in a row.
Bacterial wilt: irrigate the diseased hole with 20% lime water, 250ml per hole, or use 50% succinate copper fertilizer wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 400 times liquid at the beginning of the disease, or 3% Zhongshengmycin wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times liquid for root irrigation, 300 ml per plant, once every 10 days, continuous irrigation for 2 to 3 times.
Aphids: Use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder to spray 3000 to 5000 times, once every 7 to 10 days, and spray 1 to 2 times in a row. Helicoverpa armigera: Use 200 times of Bacillus thuringiensis to control (spray during egg hatching period), or use 1.8% Abamectin EC 5000 times to spray.
Greenhouse whitefly: 22% dichlorvos aerosol 500g/667 square meters, lit in the evening before closing the shed, airtight for a day and night, or use 1.8% abamectin EC 5000 times solution, or use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000~5000 times Liquid spray, once every 7 days, spray 1 to 2 times.
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