In recent years, the prices of most aquatic products have continued to decline, and some species have even declined to incredible levels. Many farming units (farming peasant households) are faced with losses or gaining only marginal profits. Therefore, in addition to the selection of quasi-culture projects, how to reduce costs and increase efficiency to get rid of the predicament is worthy of consideration by every farmer. I talked about some of the author's personal experience, just for reference. I. Guaranteed self-sufficiency of fish species and pure and conditional breeding farms can be self-breeding and self-breeding, and broodstock breeding and breeding should be done well. Unconditional fish farmers must purchase fry or fingerlings from the large-scale seed farms or original farms with good reputation to carefully cultivate them, and then select large-scale, high-quality, and robust fish species for adult fish farming, and treat weak and small fish species. Drop it. It is best to cultivate fish seedlings in a special pool. However, it is also possible to breed summer fish species in adult fish ponds, or to separate about 10% of water special breeding fish species in the adult fish breeding pond, or fish cages in the small cage of the reservoir to solve the problem of self-sufficiency of fish species. Second, the kind of green feed for fish farming can be planted in the open space near the pond or the development of feed ryegrass, Sudan grass, the United States hybrid dwarf grass. Generally, the yield per mu can reach 5 tons. It is suitable for raising mainly herbivorous fish, such as grass and squid. It is worth advocating to cultivate large-scale winter grass grass species more profitable than raising grass carp fish. The cost-saving measures are: to take duckweed or use small pit ponds, discarded small ponds with excessive fertilizer, and use animal manure to cultivate duckweed to feed grass carp seedlings with small specifications. The wild water lotus seeds and water hyacinths were beaten with a beater and added with 0.2% salt for 2 hours and then poured. The results were good. Up to 8 cm in size, you can return to the vegetable farm for free, or sell the leftover cheap vegetables and ryegrass of your own kind for grass carp feed, supplemented with appropriate amount of concentrate feed. This move saves a lot of costs compared to feeding pelleted feed alone, achieving high yields and high efficiency. Third, the light to attract fish to black light traps the best effect, the general incandescent lamp can also be. From May to October every year is the best time for attracting insects. A suitable 20 watt black light can be installed on the surface of the fish pond. Each lamp can induce 3-4 kilograms of various moths and aphids. It is suitable for farming of omnivorous fish such as squid, cockroach, and oyster, saving on feed costs. Follow the principle of turning on the lights in the dark and turning off the lights at 12:00 midnight. It should be noted that when installing the lamp, install a rainproof lamp cover and be careful about safe use of electricity. And to do so the moon is too bright to turn on the lights, and the stormy night will not turn on the lights. Fourth, the biological chain farming The use of biological food circulation between the scientific breeding is a very important measure to reduce costs. The practice is: planting grass and vegetables on the open space near the fishery; building a pig house for ecological farming. Grass and fish, and vegetables to pigs (mainly feeding compound feed, otherwise the yield of seedlings is not ideal). Fresh porcine feces and EM active bacteria are fermented to produce fly maggots; fly maggots are fed with 35% fodder or waste fertilizers for composting, and cultivars (such as the Japanese Daping No. 2) are regularly fed to the pigs. A nutrient solution made from waste organic matter such as cow blood or lees. The fly maggots and quails can be fed special fish such as squid, catfish, and catfish. The pig manure that has been raised has turned into manure that is rich in nutrients such as amino acids. It is possible to feed pond fish and raise fish, and can also be eaten directly by fish such as cockroaches and cockroaches. Earthworm feces are long-lasting organic fertilizers that can be used for fertilizing green fodder. In addition, sludge at the end of the pond can also be used as a source of feed for green fodder, thus forming a good cycle of biological chains. About 15-25 kg of fresh quail per kg of fresh pig manure can be produced, about 5 kg of quail, and about 110 kg of worm manure can be produced by adding forage (about 5 kg of oysters and other fish can be raised). Fifth, the water culture fish bream water bream is a black oyster, fork and tail tie, Yuesao, ornamental fish and other famous aquatic products of high quality natural food. Smaller scales can be harvested by hand dipping the net into a sewage ditch or flowing water body containing many humus, cleaned and disinfected with potassium permanganate and fed. For large-scale farming, a large number of earthworms can be cultivated in earthen ponds, cement ponds, or paddy fields. The method is as follows: Take a concrete pool as an example, apply a layer of mud with a thickness of 10-18 cm to the bottom of the pool, and then apply 5 kg of livestock manure per square meter as a base fertilizer, and cover it with a thickness of about 10 cm. Contains a lot of silt, about 250 g of quail species per square meter. Do a good job in day-to-day management: Keep the water depth about 5 cm above the base mud and keep the micro-flowing water. In the hot season, shade nets should be set up, and rice bran and corn flour should be regularly fed. In addition, the chironomid larvae are also rich in nutrients, and the artificial cultivation method is similar to that of leeches, but it is simpler than leeches, and basically no introduction is required. Sixth, fishery medicine Qiao save the proposed use of less or less expensive and side effects of antibiotics and sulfonamides and other drugs, but should vigorously promote the use of cheaper Chinese herbal medicine to prevent aquaculture animal diseases. For example, bitter buckwheat leaves can be used instead of copper sulphate to control trichothecosis. With three yellow powder (rhubarb, cork, yellow crushed), Banlangen, Andrographis paniculata, garlic, etc. can effectively control bleeding. Spicy water pods, pine leaves, willow branch leaves, fresh leaves of Pinus massoniana, ramie leaves, etc. can effectively prevent red skin, enteritis, and gill rot disease. VII. Careful Management of Management Specifically, the production tools should be properly placed and kept before and after use to avoid damage and loss. Control the switching time of aerators, save on utilities, and reduce feed wastage. In general, it is necessary to coordinate all aspects of work and minimize management costs. To sum up, as long as aquaculture farmers are meticulously researching and making efforts in various production processes to reduce production costs as much as possible, then they can obtain relatively good economic benefits, and thus can continue to grow and develop.
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