I. Efficacy and distribution Peppermint is a kind of perennial herb that is aromatic and cool. Originating in China, Japan, and North Korea, it is cultivated throughout the country. China has a long history of cultivation. The early civil consumption of fresh mint as a vegetable can be used to cool the solution and heat, as well as to eliminate the effects of removing scorpion. It is a must-have seasoning for beef and mutton, after which some people dried the mint leaves and made tea, since the Tang Dynasty. Begin as a medicinal. The mint products (menthol and peppermint oil) have a special aroma, spicy and cool feeling, and are mainly used for flavoring toothpaste, food, tobacco, wine, refreshing drinks, cosmetics, and soap; they are widely used in medicine to drive winds, Anti-corrosion, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, itching, stomach and other drugs. The whole herb medicine has the effects of sweating, heat dissipation, and itching. It is suitable for colds, fever, headache, sore throat, no sweat, hot eyes, rubella, itchy skin, itching, diarrhea, and diarrhea. External use has a slight analgesic effect for neuralgia and so on. China has always been a major exporter of menthol and peppermint oil. Its products enjoy a good reputation in the international market and are exported to dozens of countries and regions. Their foreign exchange earnings are considerable. The peppermint root system has antibacterial effect on the substances secreted into the soil during growth, and it has obvious inhibitory effects on several major pests and diseases of cotton, such as cotton wilt, blight, cotton thrips and cotton aphid, especially cotton. Wilt disease has a significant control effect and can be implemented in the cotton intensively affected area. Second, harvest processing 1. Harvest. It is better to harvest 2 times a year. The first time from late June to early July, but not later than mid-July, otherwise affecting the second production. The second time before flowering in early October. When harvesting, sunny days were selected from 12 noon to 2 pm, and the harvested mint leaves contained the highest amount of peppermint oil and menthol. Each time harvest, the upper stems and leaves are cut with a hoe and the pile can not be too high, otherwise the growth of new seedlings will be affected. Immediately after the excision, expose the sun exposure and do not pile up to avoid fermentation. 2. Processing. 1 mint whole plant: fresh pepper harvested immediately after exposure, to 7 to 8 into dry, tie into a small handle, continue to dry, be careful not to rain or night exposed, to prevent mildew. 2 peppermint oil: rural areas can be extracted by steam distillation. Distillation equipment consists of three main components: distiller, condenser, and oil-water separator. After the plants are cut off, the lower part of the natural defoliation (leafless stems) is scraped off and then spread out in the field until it is half-dried and then distilled. This can reduce the number of distillations, save fuel and labor, and enable The speed of the oil is fast, shortening the distillation time. Production areas use direct fire atmospheric water distillation. The operating procedure is: Before distillation, various parts of the distillation equipment should be inspected and cleaned, and then steamed (the kettle only adds water without adding raw materials) for about 1 hour to remove the residual odor. Pot add water to about 20 cm from the steaming pad. The sun dried ingredients are evenly put into the pot, the middle is moderately tight, the surrounding is pressed appropriately, and the top is round-headed. Cover with a lid, fill the water seal tank at the joint, fill the condensate tank with water, and place a water-oil separator. Burning fire (also steam) can make the water in the pan boil as soon as possible, and when most of the oil outlets of the condenser are out of the oil-water mixture, the heat source is kept steady (usually the flow rate of 1 cubic meter per minute is more than 1000 milliliters). The effluent temperature is 36-40°C. Distillation end point: generally 1.5 to 2 hours per pot distillation, the effluent liquid clarification, the oil is extremely small (like the size of sesame) when the end of the distillation, stop the fire (or turn off the steam), out of the oil. The oil yield of the aerial parts (stems, branches, leaves, and inflorescences) of mint is from 0.5% to 0.6%. The essential oil obtained by water distillation is called mint oil, and the crude oil is frozen, crystallized, separated, dried and refined. The colorless and transparent columnar crystal of levomenthol (commonly known as menthol), the mint oil left after extracting part of the levomenthol is mint oil (also known as mint naphtha). Generally 100 kilograms of peppermint stems and leaves, can be about 1 kilogram of oil. 3 Menthol: Place peppermint oil in the iron bucket and bury it in ice cubes (ice cubes are made of water with 1% salt) to reduce the temperature to below 0°C. Peppermint oil will be crystallized into menthol and then dried. That is, menthol crude products. Peppermint oil contains about 80% of menthol. 3. Product quality. 1 mint plant: dry to full leaves, light green leaves, purple brown stem or light green, aroma is better. The average yield per hectare is more than 3,000 kg of whole plant. 2 peppermint oil: a colorless or light yellow, clear oily liquid, a lot of colorless crystals precipitated at a slightly lower temperature, and there is a strong mint aroma, cool after the Xin Xin better.
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