Winter Fruit Diseases and Pests

Winter is the dormant period of pests and germs. At this time, the diseases and insects are more concentrated, which is the best time to prevent and treat pests and diseases, and can have a multiplier effect. The specific method is as follows: The spores and mycelia of some pests in the orchard can be safely overwintered in litter, such as ticks, scale insects, leaf roller moths, anthrax, scab, ulcer disease, etc. Therefore, it is a good measure to reduce the source of insects and the source of diseases by thoroughly clearing the park in the winter, removing litter, picking up net fruits, eradicating weeds, and burning or burying them centrally. 2. Cut off pests and branches In winter, there are many pests and pathogens that overwinter on twigs, buds, leaves, and dry branches. Cut off pests and branches, and sick stale fruits, and burn them in a concentrated manner, effectively reducing locusts, moths, moths, and wood lice. The overwintering base number of insect pests, such as stem bees, can reduce the sources of diffusive diseases and insect pests. 3. Closing the wormholes The stem borers in the stem pests can be inserted into the wormholes on the branches with a thin wire, and the larvae are stabbed; 80% dichlorvos or 40% dimethoate 5-10x can also be used, with absorbent cotton (or waste paper) ) Potting medicine to close the wormhole; or inject the above-mentioned liquid medicine into the wormhole with a needle tube, and then seal the hole with yellow mud to poison the insects hiding in the branches. 4. Scratching and cracking the bark of fruit trees is a place where many insects can potentially lurk over winter. For example, pear and apple borerworms, nettles, caterpillars, and leaf roller moths, etc., have the habit of hiding in winter nests in the skin of the crackling skin. Therefore, you can gently scrape the cracked skin from mid-December to late January, but do not scratch the skin. Pear plaster membrane can also be scraped with a knife. Immediately after scraping, apply lime sulfur or rub. 5. There are many pests in the orchard deep-falling, wintering in the soil in the form of larvae, cockroaches, or with bacteria and oospore. In winter, when the orchard is deeply turned, it can be suffocated or exposed to insects, cockroaches and germs, allowing birds to eat or freeze to death.

API Powder

API Powder is fully defined in ICH Q7A as any substance or mixture of substances intended for use in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products and, when used in pharmaceutical products, as an active ingredient of pharmaceutical products. Such substances have pharmacological activities or other direct effects in the diagnosis, treatment, symptom relief, management or prevention of disease, or can affect the function or structure of the body. The active ingredient of a medicine. Only when an API is processed into a pharmaceutical preparation can it become a medicine for clinical application.
According to its source, apis are divided into chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs.
Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into inorganic synthetic drugs and organic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds (very few are elements), such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, etc. Organic synthetic drugs are mainly made of basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions and drugs (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.).
Natural chemical drugs can also be divided into biochemical drugs and phytochemical drugs according to their sources. Antibiotics are generally produced by microbial fermentation and belong to the category of biochemistry. In recent years, a variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics are the combination of biosynthesis and chemical synthesis products. Among apis, organic synthetic drugs account for the largest proportion of variety, yield and output value, which is the main pillar of chemical pharmaceutical industry. The quality of the API determines the quality of the preparation, so its quality standards are very strict. All countries in the world have formulated strict national pharmacopoeia standards and quality control methods for the widely used APIS.
Specific API after processing -- pharmaceutical preparations
The term API is used mainly in relation to the finished product. Mainly raw materials obtained by chemical processing means, supply raw materials for the production of finished drugs. For example, cefpirome sulfate for injection is a drug, then cefpirome sulfate is an API

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