There are many pond beard culture methods in pond conditions, which can be intensively cultivated in cement ponds or semi-intensively in earthen ponds. The pond area is generally between 100 m2 and 3,000 m2, and the pool depth is between 1.5 m and 2 m. The actual water depth is 1.2. Rice ~ 1.5 meters, requiring ample water, irrigation and drainage facilities, the bottom of the pool is less silt, the pool is not hard to break the loopholes, in order to prevent escape and easy management, it is best to use a brick or rock slope protection.
Water quality conditions Water sources should be selected from rivers, reservoirs, and groundwater that are free from pollution, color, odor, and odor. Power plants, coal mines, or hot springs with certain heat sources are better. The oxygen content is preferably 2 mg/L or more, the pH value may be between 6.8 and 8.0, the water temperature should be 18°C~32°C, and the optimum growth temperature is 25°C~30°C.
Prepare fish stocks to clear ponds before stocking, remove excess silt, repair leaked areas, and remove debris from poolside weeds. Qingtang uses high-quality quicklime, which takes place one month before release. Lime clearing ponds can kill pathogens, parasites and other predator organisms. They can also stabilize the pH of pool water and increase the concentration of calcium in water. Can improve the bottom of the pond. Lime consumption is generally 100 kg to 150 kg/667 square meters. When clear pond, put dry pond water, first add lime to water, stir into milky, and then splash evenly in the whole pool, including the pool bowl. After 2 days to 3 days, the bottom of the ploughing pond is filled with water. When entering the water, a filter should be added to the water outlet to prevent the enemy from entering the pool. Note: Use quicklime to clear the pond to plow till the untreated agglomerated lime slag is buried. Because the beard mink is a benthic fish and likes to stir the bottom of the pond, the lime residue at the bottom of the pond is still medicinal for a certain period of time. The beard and carp species that have just been in the pool cause damage. At the same time, the massive lime can cause mechanical damage to the fish and affect the survival rate.
The stocking of fish species is determined according to the breeding requirements. The stocking density is generally 22 to 30 fish species that can be stocked for 5 cm to 10 cm in length per square meter, and the size and size of the fish stocked in the pool must be basically the same. Before the stocking, the fish species should be sieved. When stocking, the fish body should be bathed with 3% saline for 10 minutes, or 10ppm potassium permanganate to disinfect the fish to prevent the introduction of foreign pathogens into the culture pond.
Aquaculture management 1. Water quality management. The beard carp does not require high water quality. High-quality, harmless aquaculture water does not generally need to be disinfected, but excessively dirty or harmful water is harmful to it. It should regularly and regularly spray germicidal drugs, usually from the half-month to the first-monthly. If fish diseases occur in the culture, internal medicines can be used symptomatically, and spices can be used for feeding. The water should not be changed too much during the whole period of breeding. If the water level is too low, the water should be added.
2. Feeding management. The beard maggot cultivation is mainly monoculture. At present, there are mainly two feeding methods: first, artificial compound feed, preferably fed to a regular manufacturer to produce a qualified buoyant full-price special feed, which not only has comprehensive nutritional value, but also It is beneficial to observe the feeding of fish so as to accurately grasp the amount of feeding, avoid excessive investment, cause gastroenteritis and deterioration of water quality, and increase the cost of breeding. Feed feeding should adhere to the principles of timing, positioning, qualitative, and quantitative “quadruple†feeding, and the feeding amount is generally between 2% and 8% of the fish's body weight. The second is to feed chickens and ducks and other animals, such as the intestines, the amount of feed should be determined to 80% of the fish consumption. Secondly, during the different growth stages of fish, the gut and other water should be treated accordingly, and measures such as cooking, mincing, cutting and disinfection should be taken to prevent foods such as the long bowel from entering the abdomen and affecting swallowing, digestion, and eating. For summers with high temperatures and feed deterioration due to hoarding, etc., they should be discarded and used to prevent their occurrence.
3. Daily management. After the fish species are stocked, managers will inspect the ponds at least once a day to observe fish activities, food intake, and changes in water quality. The beard owl has strong escape ability, especially in rainy days. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly check the integrity of the anti-escape facilities and timely block the loopholes. When the rain is heavy, it is also necessary to prevent rainwater from flooding or flooding into Chiba, causing the squid to escape. . Bearded toads are highly tolerant to hypoxia and generally do not require oxygenation. However, when the temperature is high and the weather is hot and the floating head is triggered for a long time, supplemental measures such as watering, replenishing water, mechanical oxygenation, and medicine oxygenation should be performed.
Overwintering Because the natural environment, the temperature required for the survival of the beard owl is high, so the overwintering problem has always been the most important issue affecting the scale development of the beard owl in northern China. Here are some methods for wintering in the north:
1. Plastic greenhouses warming over the winter: the construction of fish-raising facilities similar to vegetable greenhouses, scale to local conditions. Generally use double plastic film, plus 1 to 2 layers to adjust the way of grasshoppers, the middle column combined with overwintering pool settings, the use of water can be controlled cement pool is best. The adjustment of water temperature, open grass grasshoppers during the day, make full use of solar energy; put grasshoppers at night to keep warm. In addition, a simple water storage facility can be set up near the greenhouse to raise temperature with sunlight. This water can be used for changing water. In the winter season, the temperature of the small boiler or the soil heating should be appropriately increased so that the temperature of the overwintering water reaches a minimum of 13° C., and when the temperature is less than 7° C., the death of the beard carp is easily caused. The method is simple and easy, but the water temperature is more difficult to maintain a constant, in addition to the higher cost of winter.
2. Warm water overwinter: Utilize the waste heat of power plants, coal mines, hot springs and other places with heat and hot water to establish a large-scale integrated field that integrates breeding, breeding, and wintering, which solves the difficult wintering problem of northern beards. Such wintering ponds adopt a single high-standard concrete pool of 15m2 to 50m2, adopting a method of fully-enclosed and temperature-controlled wintering, and some also adopt a large-scaled earthen pond. Because of the guarantee of the external heat source, the winter does not grow wrongly. Therefore, in the early autumn and early winter each year, smaller species (generally 600 to 7,000 per kilogram) can be put into the pond for industrial wintering and the spring of the following year. Pool into the pool, the general species of fish weighing more than 30 grams. This method is economical and practical. It is a good way to cultivate large-scale fish species and conduct large-scale farming.
3. Simple wintering of the family: As a spontaneous small-scale farming of the people, some explore the simple overwintering method using the home soil method, and also achieved better results. The approach is to use the idle or empty space in the home, adapt it to local conditions, and establish small-scale holding facilities in various ways: some build concrete pools of different sizes, and some external frames (wooden frames, brick frames, steel frames, etc.), Lined with canvas or double plastic film; some simply use ready-made large cylinders, vats and other methods, plus soil heating, coal stoves, fire gongs, heating rods and other means, using the characteristics of beard hunger-resistant, in more than a hundred In the winter season of the day, feeding methods that do not feed or feed less are used to reduce the number and quantity of water changes, and a good wintering effect is also achieved. The advantages of the method are simple and economical. The disadvantage is that the survival rate is lower in winter and the fish body is thinner after winter and the recovery period is longer.
Disease prevention and control of beard caries is less, mainly include: 1. Trichoderma disease: caused by parasitic worms, each phase of the fish can be controlled by 0.5 g of copper sulphate and 0.2 g of ferrous sulphate mixture in the fish ponds, or Yukang "A type insecticide," fish net net" dilution Quanchiposa.
2. The third generation of worms: caused by the infection of three generations of worms. Prevention and treatment can be used 25ppm potassium permanganate solution dip sick fish for 15 minutes to 30 minutes, can also refer to the wheelworm treatment.
3. Saprolegnia: Caused by water mould infection. Lime clear pond, reduce daily operation injuries, density is appropriate, uniform specifications is the reason to effectively prevent the disease, after the onset can be used 30% to 40% saline solution to wash the sick fish for 5 minutes to 30 minutes treatment.
4. Enteritis disease: Caused by bacterial infection. Feeding time is quantified to ensure the quality of feed, and the change of feed type should be gradual, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of the disease. After onset, antibacterial drugs such as "fish clear", "fish must be healthy" and "fish fungus" can be used for treatment or mixed feeding.
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