The autumn management of grapes is an important period for grape management. If we ignore the collection and management of the year, it often leads to plant cover and serious diseases. Poorly differentiated flower buds, early leaf fall, unfilled shoots, etc., weakened tree vigor and accumulated insufficient nutrients, resulting in low germination rate and uneven budding in the following spring. In particular, post-harvest abandonment will have a great impact on the grape production and quality in the coming year. The management of this period will be strengthened to ensure the sustainable and stable development of the grape industry. To this end, the following autumn and winter management technical points are proposed for reference.
First, fertilizer and water management
As the city after the harvest of grapes belongs to less rain and less water for growth, it is not necessary to focus on water management. However, if extreme weather, such as extreme drought or extreme rain, occurs, water or drain it in time.
Autumn and winter fertilization can be selected after harvesting and after falling leaves. After the harvest, the root system enters a new peak of growth. At this time, the roots of the fertilization will easily heal and send some new roots, and it will increase the nutrient reserve of the tree, which is beneficial to the growth of the following year. The fertilization before defoliation can increase soil moisture content and nutrient content before full-sealing, and the fermentation can be fully absorbed and absorbed early, without damaging root growth and affecting tree growth. Fertilization is based on decomposed organic fertilizers, generally 3000-5000kg organic fertilizer, 15kg potassium fertilizer, and 30-40kg superphosphate, which can be applied to boron, zinc, calcium and other micronutrients. Apply or ring, dig deep 40-50cm, width 30-40cm groove into the application of soil after application.
Second, thinning, pruning, weeding
After harvesting, branches can be dredged to adjust the ventilation and light transmission. Weed out weak and weak branches, high branches, over dense branches, disease and insect branches, and control the excess nutrient growth of the tree.
Pruning is usually carried out before defoliation and freezing. Generally, a single-arm fence is used, and the main side vines are selected according to the spacing of 50-60 cm, and all dense vines, diseased vines, immature vines, and overlapping vines are cut off. The location of the dominant buds, the growth potential and the thickness of the branches vary. Among the varieties with strong buds and results, and those planted on dense scaffolds, those with short mid-tip pruning, weak germination power, poor fruiting varieties, and thin-sown, scaffold-based cultivation were mainly pruned with mid-length shoots. Pruning of shoots left 2-3 shoots, 4-7 shoots were trimmed in the shoots, and 8-10 shoots were left for cutting.
Autumn weeds grow quickly, and weeding in the fall can reduce the damage in the coming year, so we should eradicate it in time.
Third, pest and disease control
The timely prevention and control of pests and diseases after harvest can ensure that the tree grows robustly and reduces the source of disease the following year. White rot, downy mildew, anthrax, etc. can be treated with alternatives such as carbendazim and thiophanate methyl.
After the winter cuts, the branches will be cut and the fields will be taken out. After 4-7 days, 3-5°C lime sulfur is used to sterilize the whole park to eliminate the source of the disease.
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