Anxiety disorder is a brain dysfunction with persistent anxiety, fear, nervousness and autonomic dysfunction, often accompanied by motor anxiety and physical discomfort. Generalized anxiety disorder (chronic anxiety disorder) and anaesthetic panic disorder (acute anxiety disorder) are the main clinical manifestations, often accompanied by dizziness, chest tightness, palpitations, difficulty breathing, dry mouth, frequent urination, urgency, sweating, tremors and Sports anxiety, its anxiety is not caused by actual threats, or its level of nervous panic is not commensurate with the reality. As a complex emotional disorder disease, anxiety disorder is the result of a combination of psychological, social and physiological factors. These symptoms are not only caused by simple anxiety disorders, but also by some mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In order to understand the pathogenesis of mental illness such as anxiety, people have designed various behavioral experimental methods for anxiety research. Â
There are two main types of existing anxiety models: non-conditioned reflex models and conditional reflex models. Although these models are not ideal for human anxiety, they play an important role in exploring the biochemical mechanism of anxiety and the mechanism of action of anti-anxiety drugs. Among them, there are classic open field experiments, elevated cross maze experiments and Vogel's drinking water conflict models. Â
The open field experiment is a non-conditioned reflex model. The animal is placed in the central area of ​​the open field during the test, and then the animal's activity is observed within a certain period of time. The central area has certain novelty to the animal and is a potential threat situation. The peripheral area is relatively safe. Therefore, if the animal's anxiety level is high, it tends to stay in the peripheral area. On the contrary, the number and time of exploration in the central area will increase. Â
The elevated cross maze is a non-conditioned reflex model that uses the animal's exploration characteristics of the new environment and the fear of the high open arms to form an animal's conflicting state reflecting the animal's anxiety, and the experimental index is the percentage of the open arm ( OE%) and the percentage of staying time in the open arm (OT%) reflect the anxiety state of the animal. Anxiolytics increase 0E% and OT% in rats, but do not change the total number of times and total time of the arm (both Â
Representing the excitatory or inhibitory state of the animal); causing the anxiety agent to do so without affecting the total number of times and the total time Â
Both indicators are reduced. These two methods are based on self-issued, animals do not need special training, the experimental method is fast and simple, can objectively reflect the anxiety symptoms of animals, and evaluate the reliability of anti-anxiety drugs. Â
Vogel's drinking conflict test is a conditional reflex model that uses the fear of the water-repellent animal's polydipsia and the electrical stimulation of drinking water to form an animal's conflicting behavior. The number of animals ticking-number (LN) and the number of shocks-number (SN) were used as indicators of anxiety evaluation. LN and SN were significantly reduced in animals with anxiety; anxiolytics increased LN and SN. Â
At present, research on mental diseases such as anxiety disorders is progressing rapidly, and various theories are constantly emerging. Animal models designed according to these theories are also emerging. Various advanced experimental techniques, such as neuroelectrophysiological techniques and brain imaging techniques, have been applied to the study of mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, opening up a new way for the study of mental illness. Therefore, the traditional behavioral research methods and the latest research techniques are further combined to provide a broader perspective for the study of mental illness. Anxiety behavioral testing Â
There are two main types of existing anxiety models: non-conditioned reflex models and conditional reflex models. Although these models are not ideal for human anxiety, they play an important role in exploring the biochemical mechanism of anxiety and the mechanism of action of anti-anxiety drugs. Among them, there are classic open field experiments, elevated cross maze experiments and Vogel's drinking water conflict models. Â
The open field experiment is a non-conditioned reflex model. The animal is placed in the central area of ​​the open field during the test, and then the animal's activity is observed within a certain period of time. The central area has certain novelty to the animal and is a potential threat situation. The peripheral area is relatively safe. Therefore, if the animal's anxiety level is high, it tends to stay in the peripheral area. On the contrary, the number and time of exploration in the central area will increase. Â
The elevated cross maze is a non-conditioned reflex model that uses the animal's exploration characteristics of the new environment and the fear of the high open arms to form an animal's conflicting state reflecting the animal's anxiety, and the experimental index is the percentage of the open arm ( OE%) and the percentage of staying time in the open arm (OT%) reflect the anxiety state of the animal. Anxiolytics increase 0E% and OT% in rats, but do not change the total number of times and total time of the arm (both Â
Representing the excitatory or inhibitory state of the animal); causing the anxiety agent to do so without affecting the total number of times and the total time Â
Both indicators are reduced. These two methods are based on self-issued, animals do not need special training, the experimental method is fast and simple, can objectively reflect the anxiety symptoms of animals, and evaluate the reliability of anti-anxiety drugs. Â
Vogel's drinking conflict test is a conditional reflex model that uses the fear of the water-repellent animal's polydipsia and the electrical stimulation of drinking water to form an animal's conflicting behavior. The number of animals ticking-number (LN) and the number of shocks-number (SN) were used as indicators of anxiety evaluation. LN and SN were significantly reduced in animals with anxiety; anxiolytics increased LN and SN. Â
At present, research on mental diseases such as anxiety disorders is progressing rapidly, and various theories are constantly emerging. Animal models designed according to these theories are also emerging. Various advanced experimental techniques, such as neuroelectrophysiological techniques and brain imaging techniques, have been applied to the study of mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, opening up a new way for the study of mental illness. Therefore, the traditional behavioral research methods and the latest research techniques are further combined to provide a broader perspective for the study of mental illness. Anxiety behavioral testing Â
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