Modern sustainable agriculture represents the direction of agricultural development in the 21st century. According to China's large population, low per capita resources, poor scientific and technological base, and special agricultural status, China must take the road of modern intensive and sustainable agriculture that rationally utilizes agricultural resources, protects the environment, prevents pollution, and improves soil quality. Maintaining and improving soil fertility and fully exploiting the source of organic fertilizer is the main content of the development of modern sustainable agriculture.
About 1/4 of the total nutrient input of farmland fertilization in China, more than 1/3 of P2O5, more than 80% of K20, more than 90% of trace elements are solved by applying organic fertilizer, and applying organic fertilizer is modern agriculture. An important foundation for sustainable development. China has a long history of applying organic fertilizer, with a wide area and rich experience. A large number of researches and practices believe that organic fertilizer has the following characteristics and functions.
(1) Comprehensive nutrient-rich, long-lasting organic fertilizers not only have a large number of nutrients and trace elements necessary for plants, but also rich organic nutrients such as humic acid, vitamins, auxins, antibiotics and small molecular compounds of organic nitrogen and phosphorus. Wait. Therefore, organic fertilizer is the most comprehensive fertilizer. In addition, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is allowed to vary widely, and generally does not harm crop growth. The application of organic fertilizer not only increases the yield of seasonal crops, but generally still works after the year, and the fertilizer efficiency is slow and long-lasting.
(2) Improve soil physical and chemical properties and improve soil fertility Organic fertilizers contain a large amount of organic matter, and the general content is about 200g/kg. Organic matter is an important material basis for soil fertility. The main body of soil organic matter is humus, accounting for 50% to 65% of the total soil organic matter. Humus is a complex organic colloid that can regulate and buffer the pH of soil; increase soil cation exchange capacity and improve soil fertility;
Increasing the soil organic matter content is conducive to the formation of good soil structure, especially the increase of water-stable aggregate structure, thereby improving soil tightness, aeration, water retention and heat, and determining water, fertilizer, gas, and soil fertility. The thermal conditions have a good effect. It is beneficial to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improve soil fertility.
(3) Promoting soil microbial activities Soil microbes play an important role in the process of organic matter conversion and are one of the important indicators for measuring soil fertility. For example, the mineralization process of organic matter in the soil, the process of the organic nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, and the biological nitrogen fixation process of the legumes are all related to the action of soil microorganisms. Therefore, the application of organic fertilizers on the one hand increases the number and population of beneficial microorganisms on the soil, and on the other hand provides good environmental conditions for soil microbial activities, and significantly enhances soil microbial activities.
(4) Maintaining and promoting soil nutrient balance The various nutrients that plants ingest from the soil can be returned to the soil by applying organic fertilizers and plant residues. The extent of the regression depends mainly on whether the various organic fertilizer sources are fully accumulated, rationally integrated and applied, and the rate of returning to the residue. In agricultural production, only by grasping this balance link can the soil fertility rise spirally under the condition of applying chemical fertilizer. Therefore, the application of organic fertilizer is an important measure for soil fertility.
(5) Reducing the input cost of fertilizers Organic fertilizers can be locally sourced and applied locally. The sources are wide and the cost is low. By adding organic fertilizers, not only can the soil fertility be increased, soil nutrients can be increased, but the fertilizer utilization rate can be increased and the fertilizer can be reduced accordingly. The amount applied, thereby reducing the cost of agricultural inputs. The characteristics and functions of the above organic fertilizers determine its irreplaceable important role in modern sustainable agriculture.
Therefore, the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization is a major strategic measure to implement the scientific development concept and build a new socialist countryside. It is an important measure to promote agricultural production and farmers to increase income. It is an important link to improve the quality of agricultural products and enhance market competitiveness. The major actions of economic construction and conservation-oriented society are the fundamental measures to reduce pollution, improve fertility and improve comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and are an important way to reduce production costs and increase farmers' income. (Organic Fertilizer Agrochemicals)
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