Straw compost
In the agricultural production process, with the harvest of crops, it will inevitably produce a large amount of waste, such as corn stalks, wheat stalks, vegetable stalks, etc.; fruit trees, garden pruning will also produce a large number of pruning waste, such as pruning branches, grass clippings; livestock and poultry breeding plant Produces a lot of excrement and so on throughout the year. These agricultural and forestry wastes are precious organic resources. If they are not processed, they will inevitably cause environmental pollution and waste of resources. Treating agricultural and forestry wastes with straw decay agent, with a rapid temperature rise and long high temperature (insulation), can effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms, eggs and weed seeds; accelerate decomposition of organic matter and reduce nitrogen loss during decomposition, improve organic nutrients Content, improve compost maturity, shorten compost time, reduce labor intensity, and ultimately improve the quality and effectiveness of compost products. Therefore, the straw decay agent is a synergist for agricultural and forestry waste treatment.
What is straw decay agent
The straw decay agent is an agricultural microbial agent registered by the Ministry of Agriculture. The effective bacteria contained in the straw are the live bacterial preparations processed after industrial production and expansion. Agricultural microbial agents include Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Phosphorus-removing microbial agents, Silicate microbial agents, photosynthetic bacteria, organic material decomposing agents, probiotics, mycorrhizal fungi, and organisms Repair bacteria and other varieties. The straw rot maturing agent is one of the organic maturation agents (crop crops, animal manure, etc.). Straw composting agent is the generic name of the product, there are many trade names, such as rot agent, rot agent, decay agent, microbial fermentation agent, biological decomposing agent and so on. There are three types of decoction agents: liquids, powders, and granules.
Mechanism of action of straw decay agent
The straw decay agent contains a large number of thermophiles, heat-resistant bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and biological enzymes that can strongly decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and the large-scale propagation thereof can effectively decompose the crop straw into small organic components. Or inorganic components can be returned to the soil to help increase soil organic matter content. At the same time, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements and calcium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum and other trace elements required for crop growth are released. The organic materials that have been completely decomposed are returned to the soil, which can effectively improve the structure of the soil pellets, improve the function of soil aeration, preserve fertilizer and retain water, and produce heat and a certain amount of carbon dioxide, thereby improving the plant's growth environment and promoting crop growth.
Use straw rot agent
â—†Select products that have obtained the Ministry of Agriculture registration certificate
The organic rot maturing agent obtained the registration certificate of the Ministry of Agriculture has the safety of strains and the guarantee of product quality, and is the only legal permit for the product to enter the market. Because, during the product registration process, the strains were tested for safety, product toxicology tests, and effect tests; log in to the China Agricultural Information Network or the "Microbiological Fertilizer Quality Inspection Center of the Ministry of Agriculture" to inquire about product information. Please pay attention to the scope of application of the composted fungicide labelled on the registration certificate is straw or livestock manure, or a mixture of straw and feces.
â—† Choose multi-bacterial combination of reasonable, high-quality products
The combination of selected strains is scientifically reasonable and contains a decomposing fungus product composed of multiple microbial strains that produce half-cellulase, cellulase, and lignin enzymes; high-quality products require quality indicators. Exceeds the national standard, the total effective bacteria content, cellulase activity and protease activity are as high as possible (more than 2 times the standard), and the bacterial content of each strain is not less than 0.01 million/g (milliliter); at the same time, the crop stalks are For mature objects, the focus is on the cellulase activity index; for livestock and poultry manure as the decomposing object, the focus is on the protease activity index.
â—†Select products with complete packaging, complete identification, and shelf life
The package shall be marked with the general product name, product name, product standard number, product registration certificate number, producer name, address, zip code, and telephone number specified by the national standard; the imported product may not indicate the name or address of the producer, but The name and address of the place of origin of the product (country/region), and the agent or importer or seller registered in China shall be indicated. Product labels, logos are complete, complete, there are product instructions, certificate of conformity, and in the warranty period.
â—†Select according to use conditions
Temperature and moisture are the most important conditions that affect microbial decomposition of straw. Therefore, temperature is a limiting factor in northern regions, and temperatures are increased by measures such as trenching and covering. The medium-low-temperature bacteria are used to compose the incompetent microbial products; where conditions permit, as much as possible to turn over the ventilation, in order to improve the stacking quality of organic materials.
â—† Attention to transportation and storage
Coverage must be provided during transport to prevent rain, sunlight and high temperatures. Lightly loaded and unloaded to avoid damage to the package. Strictly mixed and mixed with other materials that are toxic and harmful to microbial agents. Products should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse to prevent sun and rain. When the temperature is lower than 0°C, appropriate insulation measures should be taken to ensure product quality.
Straw decomposition agent application technology
â—† straw return
After harvesting, the crop stalks are evenly laid on the field surface, or the mechanical smashed straws are crushed to 5-10 cm and laid flat on the fields. Spread 2 kg of straw rot agent and 100-200 kg of human and animal manure evenly per acre (you can also use 5 kg of urea or 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate instead). Using mechanical rotary tillage and ploughing operations, the comminuted straw, human dung, or urea are fully mixed with the soil, and the stalks are smashed in order to facilitate the conservation of earthworms, and the soil moisture content is maintained at 50% to 60% (rainfall or irrigation), and about 15 days of straw is used. It can be decomposed.
Straw and field application of straw decay agent can increase the population of beneficial microorganisms and various enzymes needed for straw decomposition, shorten straw maturation time, reduce the negative impact on crops during the process of straw decay, and avoid unsaturated straw. It will affect the sowing of crops and emergence of the lower crops; at the same time, it will also increase soil nutrients, improve the soil structure, and increase the utilization of chemical fertilizers.
â—† straw compost
800 kg of straw (corn stalk or other material) is crushed into small pieces of about 5-10 cm in length and 100-200 kg of manure in the farm are mixed and mixed evenly, then sprinkled with 4-6 kg of straw decomposition agent, and water is added to adjust the moisture content of the bulk material. 50% -60%, evenly stirred, composted into a compost with a width of about 2-3 meters and a height of about 0.8-1.2 meters. The length is not limited. When the fermentation temperature rises to 50°C, it starts to turn and then once a day. About 15 days in spring and summer and about 30 days in winter, fermentation can be completed.
Compared with straw composting, straw composting with straw composting has a faster temperature increase, shorter fermentation time, and is not limited by season and location. The method of composting is simple and labor-saving. Widely used in areas rich in straw. Above 0°C, the temperature can reach 50°C-60°C within 3 days. Under normal circumstances, 15-30 days can be decomposed.
â—† Garden waste composting
Orchard, garden pruning branches, leaves, straw, weeds, etc. as the main raw materials, urea and livestock manure as a nitrogen source, the selection of decomposing lignin, cellulose, organic material decomposing agent for the biological fermentation agent, composting.
First of all, the raw materials are simply sorted and then crushed in the initial stage. The larger raw materials of the branches and straw are crushed a second time so that the total particle size of the material is less than 1 cm and the total amount is 90%. The moisture content of the northern autumn and winter materials is relatively low, which is not conducive to the activity of fermenting microorganisms. It is advisable to add water to adjust to 50%-60%. Garden waste has a high carbon content, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material should be adjusted to 25-30:1 before treatment. One cubic meter of material is added with 1.5 kg of urea or 0.2 cubic meters of livestock manure. The amount of biological starter used was 1 for weeds and deciduous materials, and 3 for straw and dendritic materials.
Stacking method: Choose a cool, ventilated field or simple fermentation tank, each time the amount of material is not less than 2 tons, stacking material height 80 cm or more, the ambient temperature above 20 °C is appropriate. Stacking is started 3 days and once a day, if the heap temperature exceeds 65°C, the number of turnings will increase. The fermentation takes 3-5 days and the microorganisms enter an active peak. The temperature can reach 60°C-70°C, and the oxygen demand increases significantly. The oxygen supply should be turned over and the water should be added properly. Deciduous, weeds 10-15 days, branches, straw 15-25 days to complete.
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