Lead
P2 laboratory refers to a classification of biological laboratory safety levels. Among the various laboratories now, P2 is the most widely used biosafety level laboratory. So what are the technical indicators and requirements of the P2 laboratory?
First, the determination of the main technical indicators
The BLS-2 laboratory is mainly used for primary health services, diagnosis and research. The hazard level of the subjects is grade II (medium individual hazard, limited group hazard), specifically defined as “can cause human or animal disease, but in general A pathogen that does not cause serious harm to health workers, groups, livestock or the environment. Laboratory infections do not cause serious illness, have effective treatment and preventive measures, and have limited transmission risks." Accordingly, the national standard “Building Technical Specifications for Biosafety Laboratories†to be issued specifies the following technical indicators (static) for the BLS-2 laboratory:
1, cleanliness: no requirements
2, the minimum number of air changes: can open the window ventilation
3. Differential pressure in the room adjacent to the outdoor direction: no requirement
4, temperature °C: 18~27
5, relative humidity%: 30~70
6, noise dB (A): ≤ 60
7, the minimum illumination lx: 300
The appeal indicator is the minimum requirement for establishing a BLS-2 laboratory. The builder can appropriately increase the corresponding indicators according to actual needs, such as cleanliness and pressure difference.
Second, construction, structure and decoration requirements
Most of the BLS-2 laboratories are now being rebuilt in the original building, unlike the newly built BLS-2 laboratory (in the national standard, the new BLS-2 laboratory is required to leave the public place for a certain distance), and other adjacent There is a relative isolation problem between rooms. Therefore, in the original building to rebuild the BLS-2 laboratory, we should pay attention to the following issues:
1. The BLS-2 laboratory should be built in a shared building. A locked door that can be automatically closed should be provided. If necessary, a buffer zone, such as a buffer room, can be set up.
2. If there is no mechanical ventilation system, there should be windows for natural ventilation and insect screens. (In general, there should be a mechanical ventilation system, otherwise the temperature and humidity indicators are difficult to guarantee).
3, there should be measures to prevent insects, rats and other animals from entering and fleeing.
Third, air conditioning, ventilation and purification
In order to meet the temperature and humidity requirements of the BLS-2 laboratory, it is advisable to equip the mechanical air conditioning ventilation system. If there are special requirements, additional design requirements can be added, such as adding purification requirements and returning (row) wind system design according to purification requirements. In this regard, we should focus on the following issues:
1. An air conditioning system with circulating air can be used. If chemical solvents, infectious material handling and animal experiments are involved, a full exhaust system should be used.
2. The biological safety cabinet is connected to the exhaust system
The I-class exhaust ratio is 100%, and the connection is closed.
Class II A type exhaust air ratio is 30%, can be discharged to the room or set up a local exhaust hood.
The B1 type exhaust air ratio is 70%, and it is hermetically connected.
The B2 type exhaust air ratio is 100% and is hermetically connected.
3. The location of various equipment in the laboratory should facilitate the flow of air from the “clean†space to the “contaminated†space, minimizing indoor backflow and leakage (biological safety cabinets should generally be placed at the most downstream of the indoor airflow, ie farthest away At the air supply outlet).
Exhaust air from the biosafety cabinet is not a substitute for indoor exhaust.
Fourth, drainage
The bacteria-containing sewage should be discharged to the municipal sewage discharge public system after high temperature and high pressure sterilization or chemical disinfection.
Five, electrical settings
1. A dedicated distribution box should be provided.
2. The power supply should be equipped with a leakage detection and alarm device.
3, should have a reliable power system, its grounding resistance should not be greater than 1Ω.
4. The laboratory entrance should display the textual light signal of the laboratory working state.
5. Emergency light evacuation indication signs should be provided.
Sixth, fire
The fire resistance rating of the building is not less than two.
Seven, the process equipment should be equipped
1. Biological safety cabinet
(1) Class I biosafety cabinets may be used to generate microbial aerosols or to cause spills.
(2) For the treatment of inductive materials, a Class II biological safety cabinet should be used;
(3) For the treatment of chemical carcinogens, radioactive materials and volatile solvents, Class II-B biological safety cabinets should be used.
2, high temperature and high pressure sterilization disinfection cabinet.
3, eye wash, if necessary, should set up emergency sprinklers.
4. The ultra-clean workbench is not a biosafety cabinet and cannot be used for biosafety operations.
The BLS-2 laboratory is used for preliminary biosafety experiments, and the national standard specifies the corresponding requirements. The establishment of the BLS-2 laboratory shall be based on the national standard and the construction objectives shall be determined on the premise of ensuring safety. The established laboratory shall be a safe and economic laboratory.
P2 level laboratory general specification
I. Isolated equipment
1. Biosafety operating device (first or second level) must be set up and regular inspections should be performed.
2. In order to process the recombinant, and use an instrument such as a grinder, a freeze dryer, an ultrasonic cell disrupter, and a centrifuge that is prone to generate aerosols, these instruments should be placed in a safe operating device. However, if the machine already has a device to prevent leakage of the aerosol, this is not the case.
3. The laboratory needs to have an autoclave for treating pollutants and sterilizing waste.
Second, the experimental implementation of the key items
1. When conducting experiments, close the doors and windows of the laboratory.
2. Sterilize the test bench and safety operation device after the end of the experiment every day. If contamination occurs during the experiment, it should be sterilized immediately.
3. The waste of biological materials related to the experiment shall be sterilized before being discarded. Contaminated utensils must be autoclaved before being cleaned or discarded.
4. Do not use the mouth for suction operation.
5. It is forbidden to eat, smoke and preserve food in the laboratory.
6. Wear gloves to prevent contamination when handling the recombinant. Wash hands after handling and before leaving the laboratory.
7. In all operations, it should be avoided as much as possible (for example, when the hot inoculation is inserted into the medium with the platinum ring and the inoculation needle, if a large amount of aerosol occurs, it may cause pollution). It should also be avoided to force the liquid in the straw or syringe to be forced out.
8. When moving away from contaminated items from the laboratory, they must be placed in a container that is strong and not leaking, and sealed in the laboratory before being shipped out.
9. Control non-experimental organisms in the laboratory, such as insects and rodents.
10. Avoid using a needle if other methods are available.
11. In the laboratory, wear a lab coat and take off before leaving.
12. It is forbidden to enter the laboratory for people who do not understand the nature of the experiment.
13. During the experiment, mark the “P2 level laboratory†at the entrance of the laboratory and mark the “P2 level experiment in progressâ€. The same label should be used for the refrigerator and freezer that store the recombinant.
14. The laboratory should be cleaned frequently, kept clean, and items not related to the experiment should not be placed.
15. HEPA filter in the safety operation device should be sealed and safely operated before replacement, regular inspection and experimental content change, and fumigation with 10 grams of formaldehyde per cubic meter for 1 hour to remove pollution.
16. If P1 level experiments are carried out simultaneously in this laboratory, the experimental area should be clearly divided and carefully operated.
17. Subject to other matters as stipulated by the plan moderator.
This article is reproduced from the public inspection number SLD laboratory
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