Has it entered the fall? The greenhouse eggplant in early spring next year should be planted this fall. So how do you choose eggplant and variety? How to efficiently grow early spring greenhouse eggplant?
First, the growth characteristics of eggplant
Eggplant erect branches are herbaceous to subshrub plants. If pests and diseases are properly controlled, they can be produced on an annual basis. The plant height of eggplant can reach 2 to 20 effective branches up to 10~20. Eggplant leaves are large and thick, ovate to oblong-ovate, with leaf lengths of 8 to 18 cm and widths of 5 to 11 cm. Usually 8 to 10 leaves see flowers, more flowers. The solanaceous fruit has a long rod shape, a long strip shape, a thick short shape, a short round shape and a round shape. The single fruit mass can reach 500 g, and the small fruit type single fruit quality can also reach 200 g. The meat quality is relatively dense and belongs to high-yield vegetables. Eggplant is a typical crop of various vegetable types that requires long days of sunshine, high temperatures, large fat water, and fertile soil rich in organic matter.
1 Lighted eggplant grows vigorously, requiring suitable conditions such as long illumination time and high light intensity. Light promotes the formation of flower buds and improves the quality of differentiation, which is conducive to the normal development of fruit shape, full expansion of fruit, small waviness of fruit surface and bright color of peel, which is beneficial to increase the yield and quality of eggplant. When the eggplant is pruned, it is not necessary to knock off the leaves covering the solanaceous fruit, so as to avoid direct sunlight on the solanaceous fruit, and the skin burning phenomenon and the yin and yang surface, resulting in a great discount on the commercial value of the eggplant.
2 Temperature aubergine belongs to thermophilic crops. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25~30°C; the suitable temperature for seedling growth is 25~30°C during the day and 15~20°C during the night. The growth of plants below 15°C is slow, and the flowering period is easy to fall, 10 The metabolic disorder below °C, the plant growth is abnormal; the temperature of the flowering period is 20~30 °C, so the early spring eggplant needs to be planted in the greenhouse.
3 Moisture of eggplant seedlings is prone to cause disease, and the amount of water required before flowering is small. After the formation of solanaceous fruit, the eggplant rapidly expands and the water demand increases, especially before the ripening of the eggplant, and the normal dry humidity climate is also exhausted. Artificial rehydration may be performed at intervals of 15 d. However, in the case of continuous rainy weather, it will cause soil moisture and stagnation, resulting in poor oxygen transmission, easy rooting, and disease, so the eggplant must be deep and high, and the rainfall should be too long or the rain time is too long. drain.
4 Soil eggplant, like most crops, needs to be grown in soils rich in organic matter, water and fertilizer. The eggplant has a large amount of leaves and strong plant growth, especially in the early stage of the formation of solanaceous fruit. Nitrogen deficiency can delay the flower bud differentiation of eggplant, and the number of spikes is obviously reduced. The lack of nitrogen fertilizer during flowering may lead to the shortening of the style and the insufficient development of the solanaceous fruit. The growth of leaves of nitrogen-deficient plants is hindered and the photosynthesis is reduced. During the middle and late growth of eggplant, a large amount of solanaceous fruit was formed, and the absorption of potassium increased sharply. It is necessary to pay attention to potassium supplementation.
Second, the deterioration of climate increases the difficulty of planting eggplant
Agriculture is an open-air factory, and growing vegetables depends on the weather. In recent years, many vegetable farmers have encountered annoying weather and frequent climate abnormalities, which has increased the difficulty of growing eggplant and other vegetables. Warm winter vegetables in the Yangtze River Basin at the end of 2016. In the spring of 2017, especially from March 5th to the beginning of April, the temperature in the Yangtze River Basin continued to be low, the rainy weather was repeated, and the ground temperature was not enough. Some vegetable farmers in the spring and summer open field eggplants were planted twice in a row, still encountering slow emergence and less emergence. The seedlings are incomplete, the seeds are mild and rotten in the soil, and the labor costs are spent, which makes the vegetable growers do not know what is wrong. This kind of repeated low-temperature and widowed, sunny and sunny, excessive rain caused by excessive humidity and less light, seriously disrupted the normal pace of spring farming. In May 2017, the temperature was slightly higher than that of 2016. In June, the south was hot and dry all year round. In 2017, the rain caused flooding, and the eggplant blight in the field was more obvious than in previous years. Beginning in July, the entire Yangtze River Basin entered a period of heavy rain, high temperature and high humidity. On August 7th, after the autumn, the temperature continued to be high until the end of August. On the 23rd, there was almost no transition. It went directly into the cool low-temperature, low-rain, high-humidity stage. The K. candel seedlings were prone to yellow leaves and roots. It is prone to diseases such as epidemic diseases, mildew diseases and sclerotinia diseases; after flowering, the expansion of the solanaceous fruit is slow, the waviness is obvious, the fruit surface is not smooth enough, and the fruit shape is not smooth enough. This climate is not conducive to the normal growth of eggplant.
In recent years, the climate has often been extremely variable, so it is even more urgent to grow eggplant scientifically.
  Third, eggplant variety selection
Eggplants should be selected first. There are many varieties of eggplants, and the varieties are very good. The bad varieties will not be promoted. The key to planting eggplants is not high. The key is to look at 2 points: What do local consumers like? What kind of varieties do the local bosses like to collect?
1. According to the plant height classification, the eggplant can be divided into three types: high, medium and short (this is the botany classification of eggplant).
1 The plant's tall round eggplant is not resistant to damp heat, and is more moderately and lately mature, mainly planted in northern China (especially in the past). The solanaceous fruit has a spherical shape, a spheroidal shape or an elliptical shape, and the eggplant peel has purple, black purple, reddish purple or greenish white. Common varieties include Beijing Dahongpao, Shandong Dahongpao, Tianjin Erminjia, Northern Daqin, and Kubun. The plant of the round eggplant is tall and easy to cause poor ventilation and ventilation in the field. Therefore, there are many areas where air circulation, space is large, humidity is low, and the light is sufficient, and it should be properly planted.
2 The medium-sized long-leaved tomato has medium and early maturity, which is more resistant to damp heat, and the cultivated area in the south is larger. The fruit is slender and stick-shaped. The length of the solanaceous fruit can reach more than 30 cm. The peel has purple, green or light green. The varieties include Chengdu Mozhen, Nanjing Purple Line Eggplant, Guangdong Purple Eggplant and Beijing Line Eggplant.
3 Plants with shorter dwarf eggplants, the eggplant is small, oval or long oval (also often called bulb shape in rural areas). The dwarf eggplant has more seeds and the quality is slightly worse. The varieties include the eggplant, the northern small round eggplant, etc., and the planting area has become smaller and smaller.
2. According to the shape and color classification of the solanaceous fruit, from the perspective of the promotion of vegetable seeds, according to the shape and color of the solanaceous fruit, it can help the vegetable farmers to choose the appropriate variety, which has direct reference significance for the cultivation of vegetables. From the shape and color of the solanaceous fruit, the eggplant varieties are roughly classified into the following types.
1 long stick black cigar long stick eggplant can reach 35~40 cm in length and 6~7 cm in thickness. Long rods have the largest planting area, mainly in the southwest, followed by Central China, and on the southeast coast. In 2017, the northern region began to grow. The long sticks of eggplant have oil black, black bright, black purple, etc. The flesh is soft and the quality is high. The varieties include the black beauty of the Sichuan Longsheng seed industry, the black long, the Shenzhou Fengyun; the black handsome of the Chengdu Jin Yusheng, the black dragon Dafeng, the black dragon emperor and so on. The long black eggplant also has a harder variety of flesh, the fruit oil is black and bright, resistant to transportation and long shelf life, but the quality is slightly worse.
2 long stick red eggplant can reach 30~35 cm in length and can reach 5 cm in thickness. It is roughly divided into two types: a. Long stick purple red blunt tail eggplant. The solanaceous fruit is round and round. The planting area is relatively large, with the area of ​​the Guangdong and Guangxi regions and Hunan as the main planting area. The fruit surface is red and purple, and the variety is Guangdong red eggplant. Some long sticks of red eggplant are hard, resistant to transportation, have a long shelf life, and are not soft enough. b. Long stick red eggplant. The reddish one is called the red eggplant, the purple one is called the second red eggplant, and the planting area is relatively large. It is popular in southwestern areas such as Sichuan. The varieties include Shenzhou Hongfeng and Hongguanchunqiu of Sichuan Longsheng Seed Industry; Ti Hong, Mei Hong Ke Wang and so on.
3 long strips of eggplant can be up to 40 cm in length and 2.5 to 4.0 cm in thickness. There are roughly two types: a. Red and purple slender. The planting area is large, and the whole southeast coast is popular in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. The fruit surface is red and purple, and the soft flesh of the flesh is high in quality. The varieties include Hangzhou red eggplant and farmer long eggplant. b. Black (black and purple) slender strips of eggplant. Mainly in Central China, Hubei Province has a large planting area, and Hunan and Jiangxi are the main planting areas. In the northwest, it has become popular in recent years. The length of the solanaceous fruit can reach more than 40 cm, the thickness is about 4 cm, the fruit surface is black or black and purple, the pulp is medium in hardness and the quality is good. The varieties include Shenzhou Changlong, Fine Black Gold and Liangjian series of Sichuan Longsheng Seed Industry; the black dragon Changshuai and Black Dragon Prince of Chengdu Jinyusheng. The long strip of eggplant also has a variety of flesh, which is resistant to transportation and has a long shelf life, and the quality is slightly worse.
4 short sticks of eggplant fruit length 25~30 cm, thickness 6~7 cm. Can also be divided into two types: a. short rod black cigar. There are also thick rods, Sichuan and Yunnan in the southwest, and plants in central and southeastern China. The short stick black eggplant is black and bright, and the flesh is mostly soft and fragrant. For example, the grilled eggplant that has been popular in recent years, the variety has the delicious barbecue eggplant of Sichuan Longsheng Seed Industry, the oriental early crown; the black dragon barbecue incense of Chengdu Jinyu Shengye Industry , black dragon mouth water and so on. b. Short red eggplant. Reddish purple, the soft flesh of the flesh is of high quality.
5 round eggplants mainly include three kinds, commonly known as northern round eggplant, Henan green eggplant, northern purple red round eggplant.
3. According to the color of the eggplant slice, the color of the eggplant slice can be roughly divided into two types.
1 black (purple) color 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄
2 green è¼ èŒ„ 茄 茄 茄 , , 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄 茄(The legendary emperor, legendary Tianlong, legendary world); Jin Yusheng's Chinese green crown, Huaxia green handle and so on. In addition, there are some regionally strong varieties of eggplant varieties, which have a large planting area, such as bamboo silkworms in Sichuan (the hybrid bamboo chains of Longsheng and Jinyu in recent years have been introduced to the market), white stalks, flower stalks, etc. It is also planted in local areas.
After reading these eggplant varieties, do you know what to plant?
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