In recent years, the cultivation area of ​​facilities for vegetables has been expanding year by year. Due to the immobility of the facilities in the protected areas, the phenomenon of heavy vegetable cropping has become serious and soil-borne diseases have become more frequent. In particular, nematode-damaged plots often cause serious production cuts and even no harvest. It is currently in the midsummer high temperature season, and this opportunity is taken to adopt high-temperature boring shed disinfection to eliminate germs, kill eggs, remove weeds, reduce the number of pests and weeds, and lay a good soil foundation for the subsequent vegetable growing and transplanting.
First, the advantages of high temperature stuffy shed
1. The effect of preventing wilt disease is good. The pathogenic bacteria often reproduce in the soil. When the survival is large, it will cause an outbreak of wilt disease. Summer high-temperature stuffy sheds have a strong killing effect on them. In the 20 cm deep soil layer behind the shed, over 90% of the wilt pathogenic Fusarium spp. will be eliminated, so it is difficult to accumulate a large amount in a short period of time. . Therefore, it can be used for high temperatures in the summer, and the wilt disease rarely develops or even develops.
2 can effectively prevent oomycete disease. In particular, Pythium root rot, which is harmful to various vegetables, has a good control effect against Phytophthora root rot that damages eggplants, peppers, and tomatoes.
3. Mitigating root-knot nematodes. High-temperature stuffy sheds can kill root-knot nematode larvae and eggs in soil topsoil of 10 to 20 cm depth.
4. Can kill fungal pathogens attached inside the greenhouse, such as pathogenic spores and various mycelium, sclerotia attached to the greenhouse, can significantly reduce various diseases.
5. The high temperature of the sheds kills some of the weeds and weeds in the shed. The pests such as leafhoppers, thrips, crickets, etc. are significantly suppressed or even no longer occur.
6. The dung shed can further decompose the organic matter in the soil. Therefore, before the dung shed, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, manure, and grass fertilizer are applied. After the dung shed, the organic matter is further decomposed, which not only exerts fertilizer effect, but also avoids raw fertilizer. root.
7. It helps to improve the efficacy and there is no residue. By applying appropriate pesticides with low toxicity, low residue, fast photolysis, and volatile species in leisure booths, the amount of pesticides can be increased in an appropriate amount, the efficacy can be improved, and the effect of high temperature and strong light can be fully utilized to reduce the residual period of pesticides. Shortened to achieve no harmful effect on vegetables.
8. It is beneficial to improve the soil. Combining the increased use of organic manure and straw, and scientifically applying a certain amount of fermented bacterial fertilizer, can greatly improve the soil structure, enrich the aggregate structure, reduce compaction, and reduce or delay the degree of salinization.
Second, the method of high temperature stuffy shed
1. Soil preparation. Apply organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung, etc., or use plant stalks such as corn stalks and straw (cut into 3 to 5 cm long segments). If plant stalks are added, increase 15 to 20 kg per mu. Urea, because the straw needs to consume a certain amount of nitrogen during decomposition and decomposition, and the amount of organic fertilizer is usually 3,000 to 5,000 kilograms. It is evenly spread on the surface of the soil and then deep-turned 25 to 30 centimeters. Organic fertilizers such as decomposed chicken manure and dried cow dung have the effect of increasing the ground temperature and maintaining the ground temperature, so that the sterilization effect is better. After the land is well-grounded, it can be ridged or made up and down according to the cultivation methods of different vegetables, which can form a small space between the mulch and the ground, which is conducive to raising the ground temperature. Sprinkle with organic fertilizer, combine deep plowing, screed the ground to a level and make it well.
2. Irrigation. Dams are built around the shed to be filled with water. The surface of the water is preferably 3 to 5 cm higher than the ground, covering the old membranes conditionally, shutting off the tuyere of the greenhouse, covering the membrane of the greenhouse, preventing the entry of rainwater, and strictly maintaining the tightness of the greenhouse so that the surface is below the surface. The temperature of 10 centimeters above 70 degrees Celsius, and the temperature of 20 centimeters above 45 degrees Celsius, achieve the effect of sterilization. The soil moisture content is closely related to the bactericidal effect. If the soil moisture content is too high, it is unfavorable for increasing the ground temperature; if the soil moisture content is too low, it will not achieve a good bactericidal effect. Practice has proved that the best results are obtained when the soil moisture content reaches 60% to 65% of the field water capacity.
3. Drug treatment. The mulching of soil covered with plastic film was used to kill the bacteria in the soil. The bacteria line kill is a new type of soil fumigant with high efficiency and low toxicity, no environmental pollution, and no temperature limitation. It can kill root-knot nematodes and other underground pests and eggs in the soil, and can kill fungi in the soil. Bacteria, viruses and weeds. This product is effective in killing pests such as ginger lyophilis, ginger borer, and soil root knot nematodes. After use, the soil is improved, radical smashing is promoted, growth is promoted, and the vegetable plants are robust, not dead trees, rotten trees, not easy to get diseases, and the yield increase is significant.
4. Close the greenhouse. Double-layer covering with greenhouse film and mulch film must be tightly compacted with soil, and the tightness of the greenhouse should be strictly maintained to prevent the film from leaking and leaking hot gas and temperature, so as not to reduce the fumigation effect. Under such conditions, the maximum soil temperature of 10 cm below the surface can reach 70°C to 75°C, and the ground temperature of 20 cm can reach 45°C or above. This high ground temperature sterilization rate can reach 80% or more.
5. Disinfection time. Most pathogens are not resistant to high temperatures and can be killed after a period of heat treatment (usually about 10 days), such as Rhizoctonia solani, Cucumber Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Cucumber bacillus, Eggplant Verticillium vulnificus, Roots Nematodes, etc. However, some bacteria are particularly resistant to high temperatures. Some deep-rooted soil-borne bacteria such as root rot pathogens, clubroots, and fusarium wilt pathogens must be treated for 30-50 days to achieve good results because of their deep soil distribution. Therefore, when disinfecting the soil, it is necessary not only to combine different vegetables to carry out deep soiling in different degrees, but also to determine the length of the disinfection time according to the heat resistance of the vegetables and their corresponding pathogens in the shed.
Third, after the high temperature stuffy shed
1. Biological fungus must be added after the high-temperature stuffy shed. Because in the high temperature state, no matter the harmful bacteria or beneficial bacteria in the soil will be killed, if the biological bacterial fertilizer is not added, if the bacteria invade the plant after colonization, there will be no beneficial bacteria to buffer or control the development of the disease. Diseases may occur in a large area, especially root diseases. Therefore, before the colonization of vegetables, the amount of biological bacterial fertilizer per acre of 80 to 120 kilograms is evenly applied to the planting hole, and then the fertilizer and soil are mixed and the vegetables are planted. To protect the rhizosphere environment and enhance the disease resistance of plants.
2. Solar thermal disinfection works best for soils no deeper than 15 cm, and it is less effective for soils that are more than 20 cm deep. Therefore, it is best not to plough the soil after disinfection. Even ploughing should be limited to 10 cm. depth. Otherwise, the bacteria in the soil below will be reverted and recontamination will occur.
3. Because the soil is accompanied by farm manure and other organic fertilizers, a large amount of ammonia gas is produced during the high-temperature fermentation process, so it is necessary to plant the vegetables five to seven days after uncovering and ventilating the membranes to prevent air pollution.
4. A vegetable shed with severe root-knot nematode disease should be transported out of the shed before the high-temperature stuffy shed to reduce the root knot nematode bacteria in the shed and reduce the shading of vegetable plants and improve the effect of stuffy shed.
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