Shaanxi Zhouzhi and Meixian Kiwifruit are favored by consumers because of their unique flavor, delicate and juicy, rich flavor, suitable for sweet and sour, and rich in nutrients. In order to further maintain the reputation of Shaanxi kiwifruit market, ensure the quality of fruit quality, enhance brand influence, expand the share of high-end market, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of leading industries, the following guidance is proposed for the timely harvest of kiwifruit in 2019.
First, the danger of early mining
"Shaanxi Kiwifruit Standard Complex" (DB61/T886 ~ 889~2014) stipulates that the growth and development days of kiwi fruit reach 130-160 days, and the physiological solidity is completed when the soluble solid content reaches 6.5% or more. The flavor and nutrients, premature harvesting will directly affect the yield, quality and storage. The hazard of early harvesting is as follows: 1. The fruit growth and development period is shortened, at least 30% of the yield is lost; 2. The fruit is soft, the flavor is light, the taste is poor, and the nutritional value is low; 3. The fruit shelf life, storage period is shortened, storage The cold damage, freezing damage, and high rate of rotten fruit. Therefore, premature harvesting will seriously affect the quality of kiwifruit, affect consumers' perception of kiwifruit, and destroy the brand image of kiwifruit in Meixian County.
Second, suitable harvest period
According to the DB61/221~2014 ("Kiwifruit Fresh Fruit") standard, combined with the climatic conditions and phenological changes of this year, and drawing on the advice of the kiwifruit storage experts of the Northwest A&F University, the 2019 kiwifruit cultivars are selected for the harvest period: West No. 2, Chu Hong: late August; Hongyang: mid-September; Cuixiang: mid-late September; Xu Xiang, Qin Mei: end of September ~ mid-October; Jinxiang: end of September ~ early October; gold fruit, Jin Yan and other yellow meat varieties: mid-to-late October; Hayward: late October ~ early November.
The above harvesting time must be combined with the maturity index of the fruit orchard fruit soluble solids to determine the optimal harvesting period. When the average soluble solid content reaches 6.5%, the harvesting begins; if 20% of the fruit has low soluble fruit mass content At 6.1%, the maturity of the fruit is inconsistent and still cannot be harvested.
Third, scientific harvesting methods
1. It is forbidden to spray pesticides, fertilizers and other chemical agents in the orchard for 20 days before harvesting; stop irrigation 15 days before harvesting.
2, picking fruit should be selected in the morning and evening when the weather is cool, or when the weather is cloudy, avoid harvesting at high temperature during noon; avoid harvesting when rain, fog, or dew is not dry, so as to avoid the spread of pathogens caused by moisture on the surface. dye.
3, fruit harvesters should cut short nails, wear cotton gloves, to avoid mechanical damage to the fruit when picking fruit.
4. It is better to use the fruit picking bag when harvesting. The fruit baskets and fruit baskets used for fruit picking should be covered with soft matting, such as grass straw and rough paper, to avoid fruit damage.
5, fruit harvesting should follow the principle of "first down, then first, first outside and inside", that is, starting from the periphery of the lower part of the canopy, and then picking the fruits of the upper part of the canopy and the canopy.
6. The fruit harvesting should be carried out in batches and batches. The normal growing fruits and small fruits, fruit-breaking fruits, pests and diseases, and sunburn fruit should be mined and harvested.
7. The whole operation process must be light, light, light and light, to reduce the stab wound, crush and bruise of the fruit.
8. The harvested fruit should be transported in time, placed in a cool place, covered with tarpaulin, etc., not exposed to the sun.
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