Zucchini field cultivation technology

Plastic large, medium and small sheds are used to grow seedlings in winter, planted in early spring, and harvested and marketed in late spring and early summer. This method has a large area in Shandong Province, which solves the problem of no winter melon supply in spring and has high economic benefits.

1. Cultivation time and facilities are different depending on the cultivation facility and time. When using sunlight greenhouses with poor insulation performance in Shandong Province, they usually grow seedlings in the greenhouse from December to early January of the following year, and then plant them in mid-January to mid-February. They can be harvested and marketed in early April.

When using plastic large, medium and small shed cultivation, seedlings are grown in windbreak impotence or solar greenhouse in early to mid February, and planted in early to mid March, and can be harvested and listed in early May.

2. Seed treatment: Soak seeds with 1% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes before sowing, rinse with water, and soak seeds with water for 8-10 hours. Remove, wash, wrap with gauze, and germinate at 30 ° C. Wait until the seeds are "white" before being sown.

3． Sowing seedlings and nursery beds are fastened with plastic film 15-20 days before sowing, and grass seedlings are covered at night to maximize the ground temperature of the seedbeds. 45,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer per hectare is applied to the nursery bed.

Sowing method

Zucchini nutrition bowl sowing: plastic nutrition bowl or paper tube made of nutrition bowl, 8-10 cm high, 6-8 cm in diameter. Built-in nutrient soil (6 parts of field soil and 4 parts of decomposed manure, plus 2 kg of diammonium phosphate per cubic meter of soil, 5 kg of plant ash, and 80 g of carbendazim). Spray water before sowing, and after the water seeps down, spot 1 seed in the center and cover it with soil 1-2 cm.

Dividing seedlings: After the seedlings are poured with large water, use a long knife to cut 10 cm squarely on the surface of the crotch, and cut 10 cm deep. One seed is then planted in the center of each earthwork and covered with fine soil 1-2 cm.

Immediately after sowing, the plastic film was fastened, and the grass ladle was covered at night to increase the temperature of the seedbed. Maintain 30 ° C before emergence to promote emergence. After emergence, ventilate and cool down appropriately, and control 23 ~ 25 ℃ during the day and not lower than 15 ℃ at night.

When seedlings are raised in January, because the outside air temperature is very low, the evaporation is very small, and watering is generally not required. When the seedlings are raised in February, if the soil is dry, you can pour small water on a sunny morning to keep the soil moist. After watering, ventilate the moisture in time at noon.

If the base fertilizer is sufficient, do not need topdressing at seedling stage. Such as lack of fertilizer, in a true leaf period, combined with watering, 100 to 150 kg of urea per hectare.

Low-temperature seedling cultivation was performed 5 to 7 days before planting to increase ventilation. The seedbed was maintained at about 20 ° C during the day and 13-16 ° C at night.

When the seedlings have 3 to 4 true leaves and the seedling age is 30 to 35 days, they can be planted.

4． 15-20 days before planting, the protective facilities should be sealed with plastic film and covered with grass ladle at night to maximize the ground temperature. Apply 60,000 to 75,000 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare, and 750 kg of superphosphate. Generally small ridge cultivation is used, with a ridge height of 10 to 15 cm and a ridge distance of 60 to 70 cm. Can also be used for cultivation.

Care should be taken when raising seedlings so as not to hurt the root system in order to survive.

The planting density was 35 to 40 cm x 60 to 70 cm.

Immediately after planting, water it, fasten the plastic mulch, fasten the plastic rafters that protect the facility, and cover the grass rafters at night to increase the temperature inside the facility.

5． Field management

(1) Temperature and light adjustment After planting, maintain 28-32 ° C during the day and 15-20 ° C at night to promote slow seedlings. After 5 to 7 days of slow seedlings, reduce the temperature appropriately, and control 23 to 25 ° C during the day and 12 to 15 ° C at night. After flowering, the melon is kept at 25-30 ° C during the day and about 15 ° C at night. In January-February, the sunshine time is insufficient. The grasshoppers should be opened early and covered late, and the light time should be prolonged as much as possible. In the early stage of planting, the outside temperature is very low. Covering measures should be taken to maintain a suitable temperature in the facility without being damaged by freezing or cold. In case of cloudy weather, weeds should be exposed at noon for a short period of time, so as not to cause yellowing of the leaves due to long-term absence of light. From March to April, the outside temperature gradually increases, and ventilation and cooling should be timely in the daytime. Do not allow the temperature to exceed 35 ° C. When the outside air temperature is stable above 15 ° C at night, large ventilation should be used at night, and the weeds are gradually removed, the plastic film is removed, and the field cultivation is carried out.

(2) Water and fertilizer management after planting. Because the outside temperature is low, do not water until the vines are pumped. Can be more ploughing loose soil to increase ground temperature and promote root growth. Watering was started during the pumping stage, and topdressing was applied, and 750 kg of diammonium phosphate was applied per hectare. When the melon sits and grows to 10-15 cm, water it frequently to keep the soil moist. When the second melon appeared, 750 kg of diammonium phosphate and 300 kg of potassium sulfate were applied per hectare.

(3) Either scaffolding, bundling vines, or scaffolding can be grown. In the protected area, in order to increase the yield and enhance the resistance to stress, a rigging method is generally used. In the greenhouse, plastic flat wire is generally used as a support, and one per plant can also be made of bamboo poles. Bundle the vines when they are 30 cm. For every 30 cm in length, bind the vines once. Make the stems and leaves evenly distributed on the rack.

In the early stage of growth, the main vine is the main result, and all the lateral vines are removed. If you pick the young fruit as the main one, after the main vine * melon sits, keep 2 side vines, and one vine on each side topping. Those who collect old melon can beat all the side vines to make the main vines 2 to 3 vines.

(4) In the early maturity spring of artificial pollination, the flowering period is very early, which coincides with the insect-free pollination season in early spring. In order to improve the sitting rate, artificial pollination should be performed. Every morning at 6-10 am, pick the male flowers that bloomed on the day, remove the corolla, and apply a few times to the female stigma.

6. It takes 35-50 days to harvest the zucchini from flowering to maturity. The harvest period depends on market needs and eating habits. Those who eat tender melon are usually harvested when the melon weighs from 0.25 to 0.5 kg. Those who eat melons should harvest them when the skin color is shiny and hairless.

Open field cultivation technology Zucchini Zucchini Open field cultivation has a large area in North China. Generally, seedlings are cultivated in windbreak impotence or plastic sheds in mid-March, planted in open fields in mid-late April, and harvesting begins in early June. This cultivation method is more than 20 days in the morning compared with winter melon, which supplements the blank period of winter melon supply, and the economic benefit is significantly higher than that of winter melon cultivation. The nursery period of open field cultivation is from March to April, and the outside temperature rises day by day, but occasionally frost may appear at night. Therefore, the temperature management should be strengthened in the seedbed, pay attention to ventilation and cooling during the day to prevent excessive temperature, and avoid frost damage at night. 7 to 10 days before planting, gradually increase the amount of ventilation, and then remove the plastic film, so that the seedlings are exposed to the ground and enhance their adaptability. Other matters of seedling management are the same as those of early maturing spring. When the seedling age is 30 to 35 days, 3 to 4 true leaves, and the external night frost is out of date for colonization. Field management etc. refer to early spring maturity cultivation. Wintering cultivation technology

In recent years, a small number of vegetable farmers in Shandong Province have used solar greenhouses for wintering and wintering cultivation of melon. Overwinter cultivation is carried out in September, and it is planted in a solar greenhouse with good thermal insulation performance in October. It is harvested and listed before New Year's Day, and lasts until February to March of the following year. The growth period of this method coincides with the cold winter, and management is difficult, but the market price is high and the economic benefits are very high, so the production has a development trend. The nursery period of overwintering cultivation is in the warm autumn season, so it can be carried out in the open field. If there is frost in the later period, it should be protected. Management at the seedling stage refers to early spring maturity cultivation. When planting, generally early frost begins to fall. The solar greenhouse should be fastened with plastic film to prevent frost. As the outside temperature drops, reduce the ventilation openings, cover grass ladle at night, and maintain the temperature in the solar greenhouse. It should be kept around 25 ° C during the day and around 15 ° C at night throughout the winter. If the temperature is too low in winter, flowering stops. Increasing the temperature in the greenhouse is the focus of winter management. In winter, the temperature in the greenhouse is low and the evaporation is small, which can reduce the number of watering. As long as the soil is wet, watering is not necessary. Generally no watering is required from December to January of the following year. After 2 months, the number of watering starts to increase as the outside temperature rises.

Pest Control

The common diseases and insect pests of zucchini are basically the same as bitter gourd, except the disease and thrips.

1. Blight

(1) Select high-lying, well-drained plots with high tillage plantation or high tillage mulch mulch cultivation, and drain water in time after rain;

(2) Selection of disease-resistant varieties;

(3) 3-4 years rotation with non-melon crops (such as rice, beans, leafy vegetables, etc.);

(4) The diseased leaves and foot leaves are removed at the beginning of the disease to facilitate ventilation and dehumidification, and the diseased plants are promptly removed from the field and burned or piled up;

(5) Prevention and treatment of medicines: mainly for prevention, the application at the seedling stage can be sprayed with 600% of 75% daconin wettable powder or 1500 times of 50% hydrazine wettable powder. Spray 1500 times of 25% amishida suspending agent about 10 days after planting, and spray it again at the first flowering stage and fruit setting stage, which can prevent the disease and downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial blight, anthrax Disease (Note: 3 times of spraying during the whole growth period, to be used alone); spray 53% of Jinledomir dispersible granules 600 times liquid and other pesticides at the beginning of the disease.

Thrips

1) Agricultural control: The use of nutrition cups for seedling cultivation, timely transplanting, and plastic film cover cultivation can reduce the degree of harm;

(2) Chemical prevention and control: It is mainly prevention. When the density of worms on each plant is 3-5, the pesticide should be applied immediately. It can be sprayed with 1000% liquid of 40% thistle aphid wettable powder, or 1500-2000 liquid of 10% high-efficiency heroic wettable powder, 600-800 liquid of 20% good winter EC, and 1.8% of wormworm oil 2000 times Application, alternate use, once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row. It can also be applied with 400% solution of 18% insecticidal double water agent and 1500 times solution of 98% Badan original powder, or caused poisonous soil to be applied to the root 3 times.

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