The soilless cultivation of strawberries refers to the cultivation method of placing strawberry plants in an aqueous solution or nutrient solution containing a variety of nutrient elements and a substrate and maturing the fruits. The following editor of China Pesticide First Network introduces how to grow soilless cultivation of greenhouse strawberries?
How to do soilless cultivation of greenhouse strawberries?
Soilless cultivation of greenhouse strawberries:
1. Establish a cultivation tank. The cultivation tank is 20 cm high and 65 cm wide. It is surrounded by red bricks. The working channel between the tanks is 35 cm wide. A layer of 0.1 mm polyethylene plastic film is completely separated from the soil at the bottom and all sides of the cultivation tank to prevent the spread of pests The substrate uses 55% crushed corn stalks, 25% boiler slag, 20% sawdust, fully mixed evenly.
2. Fertilizer and water conditions. In soilless cultivation, the crop must have an adequate source of nutrients. We use the sterilized rotten chicken manure and bean cake in a 2: 1 ratio, and mix about 15 kg per cubic meter of cultivation substrate as a base fertilizer. Before filling the cultivation tank with evenly mixed substrate, 1-2 plastic drip pipes are laid in each cultivation tank, and connected with outdoor tap water through branch pipes and trunk pipes. Each greenhouse has an independent control valve.
3. Adjustment of pH value of nutrient solution
It is ideal to keep the pH value of the nutrient solution of cultivated strawberries in the range of 5.5-6.5, which can be checked regularly with a portable pH meter. If the pH is too high, add appropriate amount of phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid to neutralize. If it is hard water area, use a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid to neutralize. with. The pH adjustment period is preferably 1-2 weeks, and it is found that the pH value is not suitable for immediate adjustment in the storage tank.
4. Temperature management
Before showing buds: during the day, the temperature is kept at 24-30 ℃, and if it exceeds 30 ℃, the air is automatically released to cool down; at night, it is kept at 8-10 ℃,
Revelation period: The temperature during the day is kept at 25-28 ℃, and at night 8-12 ℃.
Flowering period: the temperature is maintained at 22-25 ° C during the day and 8 ° C-12 ° C at night. If the flowering stage experiences a low temperature below -2 ° C, stamen anthers will turn black and pistil stigmas will discolor, which seriously affects pollination and fertilization and early strawberry yield .
Fruit expansion and maturity: the greenhouse is kept at 20-25 ° C during the day and 8-12 ° C at night. In this period, the greenhouse is too high, and the fruit expansion is affected, resulting in fast coloring and early ripening, but the fruit is small and of poor quality.
5. Artificial pollination
Strawberry is self-pollinated, but cross-pollination can significantly improve yield and quality. The probability of cross-pollination can be increased through measures such as bee release, flowering period ventilation, artificial spot pollination and variety combination cultivation. Generally, put 1-2 boxes of bees per acre in the solar greenhouse. The total number of bees is 10,000-20,000. To ensure that there is more than one bee per strawberry, you can also use a brush to paint on the open flowers after 10 a.m. The pollen in the cracked stamens is evenly scattered on the entire receptacle. Or it can be assisted with pollination by means of fan flowers.
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