China is one of the countries most affected by natural disasters in the world. Natural disasters can occur almost every month every year. This has adversely affected agricultural production and people’s lives. Therefore, how to take effective remedial measures and improve after the disaster It is very important to predict agricultural disasters and improve the ability to respond to disasters. October 13 this year is the 29th International Day for Disaster Reduction. The theme is “Reducing Disaster Losses and Creating a Better Lifeâ€. Therefore, today’s Xiaobian talks about disaster prevention, disaster mitigation and relief work for natural disasters, as follows.
I. Types of agricultural natural disasters
1. Meteorological disasters: mainly include typhoon, heavy rain (snow), drought, low temperature freezing damage, hail, wind, sand, tornado, continuous rain, freezing rain, frost, dry hot air, heat wave, flood, accumulation and so on.
2. Ecological disasters: The natural causes of ecological disasters are mainly caused by excessive grazing, over-cutting, over-excavation, indiscriminate mining, indiscriminate use, and abuse of water resources.
3. Biological disasters: Common biological disasters include "water hyacinth" malignant weeds, well-known crop diseases and insect pests, avian flu, atypical pneumonia and other animal infectious diseases.
4. Geological disasters: Disastrous geological events mainly include landslides, mudslides, ground fissures, earthquakes, landslides, water inrush from tunnels, mud, gas, soil erosion, desertification, and geothermal damage.
Second, the main agricultural natural disaster comprehensive defense countermeasures
1. Storm and flood: Hazard: The leaves of the crop turn yellow, the roots are black, rotten, slow growth, plant weakness, etc.; Defense countermeasures: build high-standard flood control projects, repair field drainage ditch, increase organic fertilizer, improve soil structure, adjust Agricultural structure, implementation of flood control.
2, even rainy: hazard: corn seeding, wheat heading flowering, chestnut flowering pollination has a greater impact, in severe cases will lead to crop yield reduction or even harvest; defense countermeasures: pay attention to weather forecast and weather and climate evolution law, rational arrangements for farming activities, avoid Sowing and harvesting during the rainy season; pruning drainage ditch, timely accumulating water, strengthening field management; promoting film seedlings and factory seedlings, carrying out seedling transplanting; paying attention to local weather forecasts before planting and harvesting, organizing personnel to rush and collect seeds in advance.
3, low temperature freezing damage: hazard: cause plant death, mainly "cold spring"; defense countermeasures: master the low temperature law, rational arrangement of variety matching and sowing period; use comprehensive cultivation techniques to prevent low temperature freezing damage, such as plastic film covering, rational fertilization And other measures.
4, high temperature heat damage: hazard: continue to appear above the high temperature limit of crop growth and development, cause damage to crops; defense countermeasures: select resistant crops; interplant high-crop crops, use high-bar crops to shade and cool; science Reasonable watering, cooling by evaporation and cooling; covering the shade film; in high temperature weather, applying growth regulator to control the falling fruit.
5. Biological disasters: mainly refers to the harm of diseases, insects, grasses and rodents to crops; defense countermeasures: planting strong-resistance crops; adopting efficient breeding models; and controlling biological disasters through biological control, physical control, chemical control, etc. It should be noted that in the prevention and control, it is strictly forbidden to use prohibited pesticides such as high-toxicity and high residues such as methamidophos.
Third, self-rescue and disaster prevention measures after the disaster
1. Grab the arranging: farmland flooded with water, timely organize labor and machinery to grab water, and paddy fields in the paddy field, minimize flooding time and reduce losses; dry land should seize the intermittent rainfall, drain the ditch, and strengthen at the same time The restoration of livestock and poultry houses and water-damage facilities will strengthen the Tanggu embankment and reduce disaster losses.
2, grab the tube: Grasp the management of rice fertilizer and water, support seedlings and stabilize seedlings, and lightly apply quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizers to accelerate plant growth and reduce the loss of locust disasters; dry land crops such as corn should be cleaned and drained, and soiled for sputum. Pour the plants in time to raise seedlings, use soil to cultivate the soil, and eliminate the accumulated water in the field; cultivate the soil, break the soil compaction, prevent the corn from lodging, improve the soil permeability; timely correct the fruit tea tree, remove the debris and mud on the tree, keep The branches and leaves are clean; when the topsoil of the orchard is basically dry, the shallow soil is loosened in time to restore the permeability of the soil; the affected vegetable crops should be harvested in time, and the serious ones can be stopped in advance and replanted early. Replant other vegetables.
3. Grab the harvest: For the mature crops, it is necessary to seize the intermittent rain and rain, organize the harvesting time, actively grab the fruits and reduce the disaster losses.
4. Grab the seeds: In areas with severe drought, it is necessary to carry out looting and sowing in a timely manner, carry out seedling transplanting by water, promote the application of drought-resistant agents and plastic film mulching techniques, plant early-maturing varieties and crops with strong drought resistance, and promote the application of organic fertilizers and comprehensive promotion of science. Fertilization technology to enhance its ability to resist disasters.
5, grab the compensation: grab the farm to make up for the loss, strengthen the replanting and replanting of the farmland, for the farmland suffering from persistent drought, it is necessary to plow the field in time, use the varieties of early and middle crops, timely control of pests and diseases, spray Paclobutrazol, cultivating early growth and strong seedlings. For the cornfields where the waterlogging, drought and dead seedlings are broken, the crops such as beans and vegetables can be interspersed to increase the planting density and reach the seedlings. At the same time, we must also do a good job in adjusting the transportation materials, fertilizers, pesticides and other production materials.
6. Grab the defense: large-scale disasters caused by major crop pests and diseases, strengthen field investigation, reduce field humidity, timely control the spread of pests and diseases, reduce the chance of pathogen invasion; organize plant protection machine defense team, carry out specialized defense and rule, reduce The prevalence of pests and diseases; disinfection and elimination of livestock and poultry houses and breeding equipment after the disaster, timely replenishment and exemption for livestock and poultry that exceed the immunization protection period and the new supplementary column, strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic diseases and the harmless treatment of dead animals and Prevention and control of animal diseases after the disaster to ensure that there is no epidemic after the disaster.
7. Repair: repair the water-damaged roads in time, do a good job in farmland drainage, dredging channels, rushing, repairing damaged farmland and various agricultural infrastructures; actively carry out disaster prevention, disaster relief and disaster relief for agricultural machinery investment, seed rushing, drainage, irrigation and farmland construction. jobs.
The above is the relevant points of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief for natural disasters compiled by Xiaobian. Meteorological forecasting can be said to be an important means of agricultural disaster reduction. Therefore, relevant departments should improve the accuracy of weather forecasting and provide early warning information to the government. At the same time, as a “seeing the world to eat†industry, in order to reduce its own economic losses, farmers can buy agricultural insurance, so that disaster losses can be compensated to a certain extent, but also to strengthen their own disaster relief, reduce disaster losses to lowest.
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