Greenhouse Tomato Cultivation

At present, greenhouse tomato planting is more commonly used in two crops a year, divided into autumn and winter stubble and winter and spring stubble. Due to climatic differences, the growth laws, nutrient requirements and field management of the two crops are different. How to scientifically cultivate tomatoes in winter and spring? Experts suggest that farmers should strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer, and water, and read the "three-character classics" of soil and fertilizer and water.

Say "Tu Zi Jing"

The first is to rationally supplement organic fertilizers to maintain soil health. Due to the short interval between winter and spring stubble, soil management measures such as recreation and shacks cannot be carried out. Fertilization, ploughing, ridge digging, drip irrigation pipe laying, and transplanting are usually carried out as soon as possible after the seedlings of the last season are pulled. Before ploughing, reasonable supplementation of high-quality organic fertilizer has obvious effects on fertility improvement.

The second is ridge cultivation, which is conducive to aeration and water penetration and cultivation of strong roots. The organic fertilizer is mixed with the soil uniformly by rotary tillage, and the depth of the rotary tillage is preferably 20 cm. After the rotary tillage, a ridge is formed, the ridge width is 60 cm, the height is 20 cm, and the distance between the two ridges is 80 cm. One ridge double-row planting mode is used for ridge cultivation, and two drip irrigation pipes are laid per ridge.

Read the "Water Classic"

After planting the tomato, it can be covered with film, watered by 30 square meters per acre through drip irrigation, and the second slow seedling water is poured after 5 to 7 days, with a watering volume of 20 to 25 square meters per acre. Before tomato topping, drip irrigation was watered every 7-10 days, with an irrigation volume of 20 m3 / mu. After tomato topping, as the temperature rises, the water consumption of the tomato increases, and the irrigation interval decreases to 5-7 days. The irrigation volume is 20-25 m3 / mu. The irrigation interval can also be determined by reading the tensiometer.

The drip irrigation fertilization system should be adjusted in a timely manner. When cloudy weather occurs, evaporation will decrease, and appropriate irrigation should be postponed or advanced in advance. At the same time, the amount of irrigation should be reduced. Irrigation ahead of time, increase irrigation frequency or irrigation quota.

Read the "Fat Word Classic"

Before the tomato is rotated, 100 kg of superphosphate can be applied per acre to supplement calcium nutrition and meet the phosphorus demand of the crop. After planting, a small amount of rooting amino acids and humic acid can be used to dissolve fertilizers by drip irrigation, but it must be filtered to prevent clogging of drip holes. Fertilize the tomato 4 to 5 times before topping, the recommended formula is 20-5-20, and the application rate is 13.3 kg / mu. After tomato topping, a high-potassium formula (12-5-35) water-soluble fertilizer was applied at a rate of 10 kg / mu each and applied 5-6 times.

In the middle and late stages of tomato growth, foliar spraying can be used to supplement trace elements. Tomatoes need more calcium, and calcium deficiency can easily lead to umbilical rot and cracked fruit, which affects yield. Foliar spraying of a 0.3% to 0.5% calcium nitrate aqueous solution or an 800 to 1000-fold calcium sugar alcohol solution can be used to supplement trace elements such as boron and zinc while adding calcium, which is beneficial to fruit swelling and increase yield.

Precautions

First, farmers with drip irrigation facilities use ridge cultivation as much as possible, which can increase ground temperature, aeration and water permeability, which is conducive to the growth of tomato roots and achieves the purpose of strong roots and strong seedlings.

The second is to apply organic fertilizers with high carbon and nitrogen as much as possible, reduce the application of manure from livestock and poultry farming such as pure chicken manure and pig manure, and increase the input of microbial fertilizer.

The third is to fertilize a small number of times, one watering and one fertilization. Attention should be paid to the principles of phosphorus (long root), intermediate nitrogen (long tree), and potassium (long fruit) at the early stage of fertilizer application.

Fourthly, the irrigation should not leaching 30 centimeters of the root growth range as far as possible, and dig the root to see if it meets the irrigation requirements. The irrigation amount is generally about 20 m / mu.

Fifth, the principle of water-fertilizer synchronization (water-fertilizer integration) must be achieved. Water-soluble fertilizers of good quality should be applied, and irrigation should be well-filtered to prevent drip holes from blocking the use of irrigation equipment.

Sixth, the principle of watering first, then fertilizing, and then watering should be mastered when irrigating, which will help the applied fertilizer be fully transported to the root layer of the tomato, and prevent the dripper from being blocked by the accumulation of salt in the drip irrigation tube.

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